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Language: en
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not<00:00:10.320> all<00:00:10.500> countries<00:00:10.770> have<00:00:11.160> the<00:00:11.280> same
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not all countries have the same
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not all countries have the same
political<00:00:11.910> structure<00:00:12.719> of<00:00:13.190> democracy<00:00:14.190> that
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political structure of democracy that
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political structure of democracy that
the<00:00:14.430> UK<00:00:15.029> has<00:00:15.560> the<00:00:16.560> Joseph<00:00:17.039> Stalin<00:00:17.519> once<00:00:17.730> said
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the UK has the Joseph Stalin once said
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the UK has the Joseph Stalin once said
of<00:00:17.970> his<00:00:18.179> own<00:00:18.330> country<00:00:18.800> those<00:00:19.800> who<00:00:20.099> cast<00:00:20.429> the
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of his own country those who cast the
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of his own country those who cast the
votes<00:00:21.029> decide<00:00:22.019> nothing<00:00:22.699> those<00:00:23.699> who<00:00:23.999> count<00:00:24.359> the
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votes decide nothing those who count the
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votes decide nothing those who count the
votes<00:00:25.039> decide<00:00:26.039> everything<00:00:27.230> but<00:00:28.230> where<00:00:28.439> you
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votes decide everything but where you
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votes decide everything but where you
have<00:00:28.800> a<00:00:28.829> genuine<00:00:29.460> political<00:00:29.970> democracy<00:00:30.650> there
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have a genuine political democracy there
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have a genuine political democracy there
will<00:00:31.769> always<00:00:31.859> be<00:00:31.980> politicians<00:00:32.640> anxious<00:00:33.360> to
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will always be politicians anxious to
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will always be politicians anxious to
know<00:00:33.570> what<00:00:34.020> the<00:00:34.140> electorate<00:00:34.710> thinks<00:00:35.219> so<00:00:35.940> that
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know what the electorate thinks so that
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know what the electorate thinks so that
they<00:00:36.270> can<00:00:36.480> tailor<00:00:36.899> their<00:00:37.110> policies<00:00:37.739> to
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they can tailor their policies to
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they can tailor their policies to
reflect<00:00:38.760> those<00:00:38.910> concerns<00:00:40.250> when<00:00:41.250> I<00:00:41.280> go<00:00:41.489> knock
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reflect those concerns when I go knock
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reflect those concerns when I go knock
on<00:00:41.879> doors<00:00:42.120> as<00:00:42.359> I<00:00:42.480> do<00:00:42.539> on<00:00:42.930> a<00:00:42.989> regular<00:00:43.140> basis<00:00:43.710> I
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on doors as I do on a regular basis I
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on doors as I do on a regular basis I
find<00:00:44.039> a<00:00:44.129> package<00:00:44.520> of<00:00:44.670> things<00:00:44.879> people<00:00:45.210> are
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find a package of things people are
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find a package of things people are
interested<00:00:45.780> in<00:00:45.899> and<00:00:46.019> it<00:00:46.469> tends<00:00:46.710> to<00:00:46.890> be<00:00:47.100> the
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interested in and it tends to be the
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interested in and it tends to be the
economy<00:00:47.940> it<00:00:48.059> tends<00:00:48.329> to<00:00:48.510> be<00:00:48.660> making<00:00:49.620> sure<00:00:49.649> we've
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economy it tends to be making sure we've
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economy it tends to be making sure we've
got<00:00:49.980> a<00:00:50.190> good<00:00:50.670> health<00:00:50.910> system<00:00:51.359> a<00:00:51.420> good
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got a good health system a good
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got a good health system a good
education<00:00:52.199> system<00:00:52.649> a<00:00:52.800> good<00:00:53.190> welfare<00:00:53.699> system
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education system a good welfare system
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education system a good welfare system
for<00:00:54.269> people<00:00:54.570> who've<00:00:54.719> fallen<00:00:55.050> on<00:00:55.320> difficult
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for people who've fallen on difficult
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for people who've fallen on difficult
times<00:00:56.300> good<00:00:57.300> support<00:00:57.690> for<00:00:57.809> people<00:00:58.079> who<00:00:58.230> find
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times good support for people who find
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times good support for people who find
it<00:00:58.769> difficult<00:00:58.829> to<00:00:59.219> look<00:00:59.399> after<00:00:59.579> themselves
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it difficult to look after themselves
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it difficult to look after themselves
perhaps<00:01:00.390> through<00:01:00.780> disability<00:01:01.050> and<00:01:01.649> a<00:01:02.129> real
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perhaps through disability and a real
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perhaps through disability and a real
thirst<00:01:03.059> and<00:01:03.300> an<00:01:03.420> importance<00:01:04.290> attached<00:01:04.620> to
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thirst and an importance attached to
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thirst and an importance attached to
environmental<00:01:05.520> issues<00:01:06.470> but<00:01:07.470> it's<00:01:07.590> difficult
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environmental issues but it's difficult
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environmental issues but it's difficult
to<00:01:08.100> be<00:01:08.130> sure<00:01:08.250> what<00:01:09.150> issues<00:01:09.540> people<00:01:09.930> regard<00:01:10.320> as
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to be sure what issues people regard as
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to be sure what issues people regard as
being<00:01:10.770> of<00:01:10.890> greatest<00:01:11.340> importance<00:01:11.490> to<00:01:12.090> you<00:01:12.740> most
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being of greatest importance to you most
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being of greatest importance to you most
have<00:01:13.950> many<00:01:14.220> concerns<00:01:14.790> how<00:01:15.780> do<00:01:15.840> they<00:01:16.050> ring<00:01:17.630> one
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have many concerns how do they ring one
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have many concerns how do they ring one
way<00:01:18.810> to<00:01:18.870> do<00:01:19.170> it<00:01:19.200> is<00:01:19.920> to<00:01:19.980> have<00:01:20.220> a<00:01:20.250> surveyor<00:01:20.910> to
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way to do it is to have a surveyor to
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way to do it is to have a surveyor to
ask<00:01:21.360> people<00:01:21.830> give<00:01:22.830> them<00:01:23.040> save<00:01:23.900> ten<00:01:24.900> major
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ask people give them save ten major
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ask people give them save ten major
concerns<00:01:26.520> and<00:01:27.000> ask<00:01:27.900> them<00:01:28.230> to<00:01:28.260> rank<00:01:28.800> those
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concerns and ask them to rank those
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concerns and ask them to rank those
concerns<00:01:29.640> in<00:01:29.910> order<00:01:30.210> of<00:01:30.240> importance<00:01:30.870> I<00:01:32.270> just
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concerns in order of importance I just
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concerns in order of importance I just
wanted<00:01:33.660> to<00:01:33.690> ask<00:01:33.870> if<00:01:34.470> you<00:01:34.620> can<00:01:34.800> rank<00:01:35.040> decisions
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wanted to ask if you can rank decisions
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wanted to ask if you can rank decisions
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in order of importance to you the
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in order of importance to you the
results<00:01:38.280> are<00:01:38.370> much<00:01:38.580> as<00:01:38.760> you<00:01:38.880> might<00:01:39.060> expect<00:01:39.210> in
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results are much as you might expect in
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results are much as you might expect in
our<00:01:40.560> survey<00:01:41.130> the<00:01:41.610> top<00:01:41.880> ten<00:01:42.150> matters<00:01:42.540> contained
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our survey the top ten matters contained
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our survey the top ten matters contained
no<00:01:43.680> real<00:01:43.950> surprises<00:01:44.400> at<00:01:44.730> all<00:01:45.530> we<00:01:46.530> know<00:01:46.650> that<00:01:46.680> we
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no real surprises at all we know that we
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no real surprises at all we know that we
only<00:01:47.040> need<00:01:47.310> to<00:01:47.490> interview<00:01:47.940> a<00:01:48.000> relatively
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only need to interview a relatively
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only need to interview a relatively
small<00:01:48.840> number<00:01:49.230> of<00:01:49.680> people<00:01:49.880> to<00:01:50.880> be<00:01:51.030> fairly<00:01:51.360> sure
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small number of people to be fairly sure
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small number of people to be fairly sure
what<00:01:52.110> the<00:01:52.260> whole<00:01:52.470> electorate<00:01:53.130> thinks<00:01:54.200> but
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what the whole electorate thinks but
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what the whole electorate thinks but
that<00:01:55.290> only<00:01:55.440> takes<00:01:55.740> us<00:01:56.010> so<00:01:56.280> far<00:01:57.650> unfortunately
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that only takes us so far unfortunately
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that only takes us so far unfortunately
different<00:01:59.370> groups<00:01:59.580> within<00:01:59.880> electorates
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different groups within electorates
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different groups within electorates
attach<00:02:00.960> different<00:02:01.170> weights<00:02:01.650> to<00:02:01.980> different
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attach different weights to different
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attach different weights to different
issues<00:02:02.750> it's<00:02:03.750> clear<00:02:03.990> for<00:02:04.200> example<00:02:04.620> that<00:02:04.710> some
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issues it's clear for example that some
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issues it's clear for example that some
issues<00:02:05.250> have<00:02:05.430> a<00:02:05.460> higher<00:02:05.730> priority<00:02:06.120> among
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issues have a higher priority among
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issues have a higher priority among
young<00:02:07.020> voters<00:02:07.220> others<00:02:08.220> among<00:02:08.520> older<00:02:08.849> groups
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young voters others among older groups
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young voters others among older groups
what<00:02:10.390> would<00:02:10.539> be<00:02:10.659> useful<00:02:10.959> to<00:02:11.349> know<00:02:11.560> is<00:02:11.830> the
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what would be useful to know is the
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what would be useful to know is the
issues<00:02:12.909> that<00:02:13.090> each<00:02:13.569> group<00:02:13.959> regards<00:02:14.500> is
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issues that each group regards is
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issues that each group regards is
important<00:02:15.310> if<00:02:15.909> there<00:02:16.299> are<00:02:16.420> substantial
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important if there are substantial
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important if there are substantial
differences<00:02:17.849> politicians<00:02:18.849> can<00:02:19.030> target
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differences politicians can target
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differences politicians can target
different<00:02:19.870> groups<00:02:20.319> with<00:02:20.799> different<00:02:20.829> messages
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different groups with different messages
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different groups with different messages
if<00:02:22.360> everyone<00:02:22.900> thinks<00:02:23.110> the<00:02:23.319> same<00:02:23.590> then<00:02:24.189> this
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if everyone thinks the same then this
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if everyone thinks the same then this
won't<00:02:24.549> be<00:02:24.730> necessary<00:02:25.239> that<00:02:26.230> if<00:02:26.379> you<00:02:26.500> look<00:02:26.650> at
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won't be necessary that if you look at
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won't be necessary that if you look at
the<00:02:26.860> attitudes<00:02:27.430> of<00:02:27.840> 12<00:02:28.840> to<00:02:29.049> 15<00:02:29.500> year<00:02:29.709> olds<00:02:30.069> and
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the attitudes of 12 to 15 year olds and
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the attitudes of 12 to 15 year olds and
you<00:02:30.730> ask<00:02:30.940> them<00:02:31.150> what<00:02:31.299> are<00:02:31.420> the<00:02:31.480> issues<00:02:31.599> that
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you ask them what are the issues that
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you ask them what are the issues that
they're<00:02:32.230> concerned<00:02:32.680> about<00:02:33.040> the<00:02:33.610> environment
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they're concerned about the environment
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they're concerned about the environment
was<00:02:34.239> coming<00:02:34.569> up<00:02:34.659> number<00:02:34.989> one<00:02:35.340> but<00:02:36.340> if<00:02:36.430> you<00:02:36.519> look
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was coming up number one but if you look
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was coming up number one but if you look
at<00:02:36.760> the<00:02:36.879> 18<00:02:37.269> to<00:02:37.450> 24<00:02:38.019> year<00:02:38.079> olds<00:02:38.650> it<00:02:39.159> was<00:02:39.340> down
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at the 18 to 24 year olds it was down
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at the 18 to 24 year olds it was down
around<00:02:39.730> eighth<00:02:40.030> place<00:02:40.480> and<00:02:40.870> then<00:02:41.829> it<00:02:41.980> came
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around eighth place and then it came
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around eighth place and then it came
back<00:02:42.280> in<00:02:43.000> the<00:02:43.510> slightly<00:02:44.019> older<00:02:44.530> age<00:02:44.680> group<00:02:45.040> as
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back in the slightly older age group as
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back in the slightly older age group as
they<00:02:46.180> had<00:02:46.540> their<00:02:46.959> family<00:02:47.440> formations<00:02:48.040> and
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they had their family formations and
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they had their family formations and
they<00:02:48.370> were<00:02:48.489> having<00:02:48.819> children<00:02:49.090> so<00:02:49.930> they<00:02:50.170> were
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they were having children so they were
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they were having children so they were
worrying<00:02:50.650> about<00:02:50.799> what<00:02:51.099> kind<00:02:51.310> of<00:02:51.370> a<00:02:51.489> world<00:02:51.670> were
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worrying about what kind of a world were
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worrying about what kind of a world were
bringing<00:02:52.780> our<00:02:52.930> kids<00:02:53.170> up<00:02:53.470> in<00:02:53.680> but<00:02:54.250> the<00:02:54.370> 18<00:02:54.639> to<00:02:54.760> 24
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bringing our kids up in but the 18 to 24
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bringing our kids up in but the 18 to 24
year<00:02:55.269> olds<00:02:55.540> were<00:02:55.659> worried<00:02:55.870> about<00:02:56.019> getting<00:02:56.230> a
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year olds were worried about getting a
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year olds were worried about getting a
job<00:02:56.440> getting<00:02:57.099> on<00:02:57.310> in<00:02:57.489> life<00:02:57.700> of<00:02:58.260> finding<00:02:59.260> a
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job getting on in life of finding a
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job getting on in life of finding a
boyfriend<00:02:59.440> or<00:02:59.889> a<00:02:59.980> girlfriend<00:03:00.010> and<00:03:00.819> so<00:03:01.150> that's
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boyfriend or a girlfriend and so that's
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boyfriend or a girlfriend and so that's
explained<00:03:02.319> the<00:03:02.560> difference<00:03:02.709> between<00:03:03.639> the<00:03:03.760> age
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explained the difference between the age
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explained the difference between the age
cohorts<00:03:04.599> gene<00:03:05.170> your<00:03:05.349> priorities<00:03:06.099> will<00:03:07.060> change
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cohorts gene your priorities will change
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cohorts gene your priorities will change
over<00:03:07.659> the<00:03:07.840> next<00:03:07.900> 20<00:03:08.290> or<00:03:08.319> 30<00:03:08.590> years<00:03:08.709> yeah
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over the next 20 or 30 years yeah
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over the next 20 or 30 years yeah
definitely<00:03:10.440> seems<00:03:11.440> I<00:03:11.560> got<00:03:11.709> a<00:03:11.739> job<00:03:11.980> or<00:03:12.190> a<00:03:12.220> family
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definitely seems I got a job or a family
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definitely seems I got a job or a family
everything's<00:03:13.060> good<00:03:13.269> at<00:03:13.389> a<00:03:13.569> full-time<00:03:14.109> job
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everything's good at a full-time job
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everything's good at a full-time job
depends<00:03:14.919> what<00:03:15.069> sort<00:03:15.280> of<00:03:15.310> sex<00:03:15.519> what<00:03:15.730> sector<00:03:16.030> I'm
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depends what sort of sex what sector I'm
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depends what sort of sex what sector I'm
working<00:03:16.480> in<00:03:16.599> of<00:03:17.260> course<00:03:17.530> yeah<00:03:17.940> definitely
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working in of course yeah definitely
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working in of course yeah definitely
definitely<00:03:19.000> change<00:03:19.599> yeah<00:03:19.930> your<00:03:20.079> views<00:03:20.319> do
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definitely change yeah your views do
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definitely change yeah your views do
change<00:03:20.769> I<00:03:21.129> think<00:03:21.639> that<00:03:21.819> the<00:03:21.940> way<00:03:22.060> people<00:03:22.319> vote
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change I think that the way people vote
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change I think that the way people vote
changes<00:03:24.519> as<00:03:24.699> you<00:03:24.959> get<00:03:25.959> older<00:03:26.410> it<00:03:26.680> may<00:03:26.980> be<00:03:27.040> that
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changes as you get older it may be that
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changes as you get older it may be that
the<00:03:27.819> concerns<00:03:28.269> of<00:03:28.510> younger<00:03:28.959> people<00:03:28.989> are<00:03:29.680> quite
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the concerns of younger people are quite
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the concerns of younger people are quite
different<00:03:30.220> from<00:03:30.549> the<00:03:30.730> concerns<00:03:31.150> of<00:03:31.299> older
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different from the concerns of older
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different from the concerns of older
people<00:03:32.310> one<00:03:33.310> way<00:03:33.459> we<00:03:33.639> can<00:03:33.790> test<00:03:34.060> that<00:03:34.419> is<00:03:34.810> to<00:03:35.560> do
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people one way we can test that is to do
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people one way we can test that is to do
a<00:03:35.709> survey<00:03:36.299> so<00:03:37.299> we<00:03:37.449> asked<00:03:37.900> some<00:03:38.139> under<00:03:39.129> 40s<00:03:39.579> and
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a survey so we asked some under 40s and
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a survey so we asked some under 40s and
some<00:03:40.449> over<00:03:41.349> forties<00:03:41.799> to<00:03:42.609> rank<00:03:43.000> a<00:03:43.389> whole<00:03:43.840> load
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some over forties to rank a whole load
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some over forties to rank a whole load
of<00:03:44.169> issues<00:03:44.680> in<00:03:44.889> order<00:03:45.220> of<00:03:45.400> importance<00:03:45.970> to<00:03:46.239> them
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of issues in order of importance to them
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of issues in order of importance to them
well<00:03:47.769> education<00:03:48.459> obviously<00:03:48.549> because<00:03:49.239> of<00:03:49.389> I'm
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well education obviously because of I'm
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well education obviously because of I'm
a<00:03:50.079> first-year<00:03:50.530> obviously<00:03:51.069> being<00:03:51.220> a<00:03:51.340> student
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a first-year obviously being a student
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a first-year obviously being a student
yeah<00:03:51.970> that<00:03:52.269> that<00:03:52.780> was<00:03:52.930> the<00:03:53.019> first<00:03:53.230> thing<00:03:53.290> I
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yeah that that was the first thing I
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yeah that that was the first thing I
kind<00:03:53.650> of<00:03:53.739> looked<00:03:53.919> tech<00:03:54.099> service<00:03:54.400> jobs
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kind of looked tech service jobs
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kind of looked tech service jobs
education<00:03:55.299> health<00:03:56.139> I'll<00:03:56.829> chose<00:03:57.040> employment
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education health I'll chose employment
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education health I'll chose employment
obviously<00:03:58.150> I'm<00:03:58.870> a<00:03:58.930> final<00:03:59.769> year<00:03:59.889> student
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obviously I'm a final year student
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obviously I'm a final year student
health<00:04:00.699> care<00:04:00.970> my<00:04:01.329> certainly<00:04:01.810> global<00:04:02.709> woman
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health care my certainly global woman
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health care my certainly global woman
has<00:04:03.040> always<00:04:03.549> been<00:04:03.819> an<00:04:03.940> issue<00:04:04.090> it's<00:04:04.510> always
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has always been an issue it's always
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has always been an issue it's always
going<00:04:04.930> to<00:04:05.049> be<00:04:05.079> there<00:04:05.349> yes<00:04:05.709> it's<00:04:06.010> gonna<00:04:06.340> it's
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going to be there yes it's gonna it's
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going to be there yes it's gonna it's
not<00:04:06.699> that<00:04:07.150> it's<00:04:07.780> not<00:04:07.989> important<00:04:08.409> it<00:04:08.560> is<00:04:08.620> very
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not that it's not important it is very
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not that it's not important it is very
important<00:04:09.340> but<00:04:09.819> it's<00:04:10.000> not<00:04:10.180> exactly<00:04:10.419> going<00:04:10.569> to
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important but it's not exactly going to
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important but it's not exactly going to
be<00:04:10.750> your<00:04:10.900> main<00:04:11.079> focus<00:04:11.680> at<00:04:11.799> the<00:04:11.859> moment<00:04:12.010> I
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be your main focus at the moment I
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be your main focus at the moment I
decided<00:04:13.659> yes<00:04:14.079> so<00:04:14.790> anything<00:04:15.790> that<00:04:15.849> affects<00:04:16.150> us
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decided yes so anything that affects us
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decided yes so anything that affects us
really
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really
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really
pensions<00:04:18.199> why<00:04:19.190> does<00:04:19.370> that<00:04:19.519> figure<00:04:19.729> soullow<00:04:20.000> in
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pensions why does that figure soullow in
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pensions why does that figure soullow in
your<00:04:20.600> and<00:04:20.930> lots<00:04:21.109> of<00:04:21.199> people<00:04:21.440> worried<00:04:21.680> about<00:04:21.859> it
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your and lots of people worried about it
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your and lots of people worried about it
sorry<00:04:22.669> because<00:04:23.210> it's<00:04:23.360> so<00:04:23.449> far<00:04:23.539> away<00:04:25.840> having
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sorry because it's so far away having
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sorry because it's so far away having
established<00:04:26.960> a<00:04:27.470> typical<00:04:27.949> ranking<00:04:28.400> for<00:04:28.550> each
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established a typical ranking for each
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established a typical ranking for each
group<00:04:29.000> we<00:04:29.780> then<00:04:29.960> analyzed<00:04:30.440> the<00:04:30.650> results<00:04:30.830> by
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group we then analyzed the results by
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group we then analyzed the results by
developing<00:04:31.910> a<00:04:32.060> rank<00:04:32.750> correlation
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developing a rank correlation
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developing a rank correlation
coefficient<00:04:35.680> first<00:04:36.680> we'll<00:04:37.280> explain<00:04:37.610> what<00:04:37.819> the
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coefficient first we'll explain what the
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coefficient first we'll explain what the
term<00:04:38.180> means<00:04:39.190> then<00:04:40.190> we'll<00:04:40.340> be<00:04:40.460> able<00:04:40.490> to<00:04:40.789> see<00:04:41.090> how
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term means then we'll be able to see how
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term means then we'll be able to see how
closely<00:04:42.080> linked<00:04:42.949> the<00:04:43.250> two<00:04:43.280> groups<00:04:43.699> are<00:04:44.030> in
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closely linked the two groups are in
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closely linked the two groups are in
their<00:04:44.389> thinking<00:04:44.660> and<00:04:45.460> you'll<00:04:46.460> be<00:04:46.550> able<00:04:46.669> to<00:04:46.849> see
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their thinking and you'll be able to see
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their thinking and you'll be able to see
whether<00:04:47.300> there's<00:04:47.569> anything<00:04:47.810> that<00:04:48.020> surprises
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whether there's anything that surprises
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whether there's anything that surprises
you<00:04:49.039> about<00:04:49.310> the<00:04:49.460> results<00:04:50.919> the<00:04:51.919> data<00:04:52.130> we
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you about the results the data we
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you about the results the data we
collected<00:04:52.849> is<00:04:53.570> given<00:04:53.990> in<00:04:54.080> the<00:04:54.199> table<00:04:55.000> we've
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collected is given in the table we've
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collected is given in the table we've
ranked<00:04:56.330> the<00:04:56.449> issues<00:04:56.750> according<00:04:57.050> to<00:04:57.320> the<00:04:57.440> views
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ranked the issues according to the views
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ranked the issues according to the views
expressed<00:04:57.889> by<00:04:58.340> the<00:04:58.490> over<00:04:58.940> 40's<00:04:59.349> but<00:05:00.349> whether
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expressed by the over 40's but whether
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expressed by the over 40's but whether
we<00:05:00.919> present<00:05:01.340> the<00:05:01.460> survey<00:05:01.849> results<00:05:01.880> ranked<00:05:02.570> by
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we present the survey results ranked by
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we present the survey results ranked by
over<00:05:03.139> 40's<00:05:03.590> or<00:05:03.770> under<00:05:04.280> 40<00:05:04.639> s<00:05:04.699> the<00:05:05.240> coefficient
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over 40's or under 40 s the coefficient
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over 40's or under 40 s the coefficient
will<00:05:05.930> be<00:05:06.020> the<00:05:06.139> same<00:05:07.180> we<00:05:08.180> haven't<00:05:08.389> got<00:05:08.449> a<00:05:08.539> large
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will be the same we haven't got a large
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will be the same we haven't got a large
enough<00:05:09.139> sample<00:05:09.199> for<00:05:09.919> statistical
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enough sample for statistical
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enough sample for statistical
significance<00:05:11.389> so<00:05:11.930> we<00:05:12.050> can't<00:05:12.259> read<00:05:12.530> too<00:05:12.770> much
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significance so we can't read too much
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significance so we can't read too much
into<00:05:13.070> the<00:05:13.460> result<00:05:13.849> but<00:05:14.720> we're<00:05:14.870> interested
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into the result but we're interested
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into the result but we're interested
here<00:05:15.590> in<00:05:15.740> the<00:05:15.860> method<00:05:16.190> of<00:05:16.460> analyzing<00:05:16.699> the
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here in the method of analyzing the
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here in the method of analyzing the
results<00:05:17.710> not<00:05:18.710> in<00:05:18.919> their<00:05:19.099> collection
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will<00:05:22.729> shortly<00:05:23.300> see<00:05:23.330> how<00:05:24.139> close<00:05:24.530> the<00:05:24.770> two
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will shortly see how close the two
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will shortly see how close the two
groups<00:05:25.250> are<00:05:25.520> in<00:05:25.759> their<00:05:25.970> rankings<00:05:26.449> using
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groups are in their rankings using
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groups are in their rankings using
spearman's<00:05:27.650> formula<00:05:28.370> the<00:05:29.270> formula<00:05:29.300> is<00:05:30.580> R<00:05:31.580> sub
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spearman's formula the formula is R sub
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spearman's formula the formula is R sub
s<00:05:32.150> equals<00:05:32.979> one<00:05:33.979> minus<00:05:35.349> six<00:05:36.580> sigma<00:05:37.580> d<00:05:37.759> squared
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s equals one minus six sigma d squared
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s equals one minus six sigma d squared
over<00:05:39.259> n<00:05:40.449> times<00:05:41.449> n<00:05:41.900> squared<00:05:42.740> minus<00:05:42.949> one
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now<00:05:47.360> before<00:05:47.660> we<00:05:47.750> work<00:05:47.930> it<00:05:48.080> out<00:05:48.140> let's<00:05:48.800> make
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now before we work it out let's make
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now before we work it out let's make
sure<00:05:49.010> we<00:05:49.370> understand<00:05:49.850> the<00:05:49.970> significance<00:05:50.180> of
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sure we understand the significance of
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sure we understand the significance of
the<00:05:50.930> number<00:05:51.110> that<00:05:51.410> will<00:05:51.530> obtain<00:05:52.480> if<00:05:53.480> there
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the number that will obtain if there
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the number that will obtain if there
were<00:05:53.870> a<00:05:53.900> perfect<00:05:54.410> positive<00:05:54.860> correlation<00:05:55.160> of
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were a perfect positive correlation of
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were a perfect positive correlation of
the<00:05:56.780> kind<00:05:57.080> shown<00:05:57.380> below<00:05:57.910> then<00:05:58.910> with<00:05:59.090> this
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the kind shown below then with this
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the kind shown below then with this
formula<00:05:59.690> we<00:06:00.140> would<00:06:00.290> attain<00:06:00.620> a<00:06:00.680> score<00:06:01.220> of<00:06:01.430> +1
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formula we would attain a score of +1
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formula we would attain a score of +1
the<00:06:03.920> rankings<00:06:04.370> of<00:06:04.550> the<00:06:04.670> two<00:06:04.850> groups<00:06:05.120> would<00:06:05.870> be
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the rankings of the two groups would be
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the rankings of the two groups would be
identical
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if<00:06:09.660> there<00:06:09.870> was<00:06:09.960> a<00:06:10.020> score<00:06:10.350> of<00:06:10.500> minus<00:06:11.190> one<00:06:11.220> it
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if there was a score of minus one it
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if there was a score of minus one it
would<00:06:12.270> be<00:06:12.450> because<00:06:12.690> there<00:06:13.020> was<00:06:13.110> a<00:06:13.140> perfect
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would be because there was a perfect
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would be because there was a perfect
negative<00:06:14.190> correlation<00:06:15.180> each<00:06:15.870> groups<00:06:16.350> ranking
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negative correlation each groups ranking
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negative correlation each groups ranking
being<00:06:17.400> the<00:06:17.550> complete<00:06:18.060> opposite<00:06:18.570> of<00:06:18.690> the<00:06:18.840> other
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being the complete opposite of the other
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being the complete opposite of the other
in<00:06:20.780> our<00:06:20.960> case<00:06:21.260> given<00:06:22.220> the<00:06:22.310> over<00:06:22.580> 40's<00:06:22.730> ranking
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in our case given the over 40's ranking
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in our case given the over 40's ranking
the<00:06:24.110> under<00:06:24.410> forties<00:06:24.800> rank<00:06:25.130> would<00:06:25.790> have<00:06:26.030> health
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the under forties rank would have health
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the under forties rank would have health
as<00:06:27.020> ten<00:06:27.520> pensions<00:06:28.520> at<00:06:28.670> nine<00:06:28.910> and<00:06:29.210> so<00:06:29.510> on
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as ten pensions at nine and so on
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as ten pensions at nine and so on
and<00:06:31.150> this<00:06:31.540> is<00:06:31.690> how<00:06:31.840> that<00:06:31.900> would<00:06:32.230> look
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and this is how that would look
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and this is how that would look
diagrammatically
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now<00:06:36.870> we've<00:06:37.110> plotted<00:06:37.350> our<00:06:37.740> actual<00:06:38.370> data
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it's<00:06:41.830> clear<00:06:42.099> that<00:06:42.129> we<00:06:42.340> don't<00:06:42.490> have<00:06:42.759> either<00:06:43.060> a
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it's clear that we don't have either a
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it's clear that we don't have either a
perfect<00:06:43.900> positive<00:06:44.139> or<00:06:44.620> a<00:06:44.650> perfect<00:06:45.159> negative
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perfect positive or a perfect negative
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perfect positive or a perfect negative
correlation<00:06:46.270> but<00:06:46.780> it<00:06:46.930> isn't<00:06:47.229> easy<00:06:47.440> to<00:06:47.590> see<00:06:47.860> if
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correlation but it isn't easy to see if
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correlation but it isn't easy to see if
there's<00:06:48.129> at<00:06:48.310> least<00:06:48.340> some<00:06:48.970> positive
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there's at least some positive
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there's at least some positive
correlation<00:06:50.139> some<00:06:50.770> negative<00:06:51.250> correlation<00:06:51.909> or
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correlation some negative correlation or
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correlation some negative correlation or
no<00:06:52.330> correlation<00:06:52.930> at<00:06:53.050> all<00:06:53.280> but<00:06:54.280> our<00:06:54.430> formula
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no correlation at all but our formula
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no correlation at all but our formula
will<00:06:55.150> tell<00:06:55.360> us<00:06:55.389> what<00:06:55.870> we<00:06:55.900> can't<00:06:56.349> see<00:06:56.650> clearly
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will tell us what we can't see clearly
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will tell us what we can't see clearly
with<00:06:57.400> a<00:06:57.430> naked<00:06:57.699> eye<00:06:58.919> now<00:06:59.919> we're<00:07:00.129> in<00:07:00.250> a<00:07:00.340> position
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with a naked eye now we're in a position
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with a naked eye now we're in a position
to<00:07:00.940> work<00:07:01.419> out<00:07:01.720> the<00:07:01.900> correlation<00:07:02.500> coefficient
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to work out the correlation coefficient
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to work out the correlation coefficient
using<00:07:03.280> the<00:07:03.970> formula<00:07:04.449> and<00:07:04.659> see<00:07:05.590> how<00:07:05.740> we<00:07:05.800> can<00:07:06.099> use
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using the formula and see how we can use
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using the formula and see how we can use
this<00:07:06.550> information<00:07:06.940> to<00:07:07.389> help<00:07:07.840> politicians
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this information to help politicians
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this information to help politicians
target<00:07:09.069> their<00:07:09.220> message<00:07:09.610> and<00:07:10.000> let's<00:07:10.870> be<00:07:11.020> clear
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target their message and let's be clear
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target their message and let's be clear
whatever<00:07:11.590> they<00:07:11.740> say<00:07:12.069> the<00:07:12.699> politicians<00:07:13.360> do
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whatever they say the politicians do
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whatever they say the politicians do
care<00:07:14.110> about<00:07:14.139> these<00:07:14.740> things<00:07:15.039> it<00:07:16.030> depends<00:07:16.539> on
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care about these things it depends on
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care about these things it depends on
who<00:07:16.780> they're<00:07:16.960> talking<00:07:16.990> to<00:07:17.440> if<00:07:17.770> they're
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who they're talking to if they're
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who they're talking to if they're
talking<00:07:18.400> to<00:07:18.430> the<00:07:18.669> television<00:07:19.150> or<00:07:20.080> to<00:07:20.530> a<00:07:20.560> public
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talking to the television or to a public
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talking to the television or to a public
audience<00:07:21.280> they<00:07:22.210> don't<00:07:22.389> believe<00:07:22.629> in<00:07:22.750> opinion
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audience they don't believe in opinion
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audience they don't believe in opinion
polls<00:07:23.199> if<00:07:24.069> they're<00:07:24.370> talking<00:07:24.819> in<00:07:24.969> private<00:07:25.919> they
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polls if they're talking in private they
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polls if they're talking in private they
believe<00:07:27.280> them<00:07:27.870> beyond<00:07:28.870> all<00:07:29.229> recognition<00:07:29.440> and
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believe them beyond all recognition and
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believe them beyond all recognition and
the<00:07:31.000> third<00:07:31.300> one<00:07:31.539> if<00:07:31.750> they<00:07:32.319> change<00:07:32.590> their
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the third one if they change their
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the third one if they change their
policies<00:07:34.860> I'm<00:07:35.860> delighted<00:07:36.479> because<00:07:37.479> it<00:07:37.900> says
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policies I'm delighted because it says
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policies I'm delighted because it says
they're<00:07:38.440> listening<00:07:38.650> to<00:07:38.889> public<00:07:39.430> opinion<00:07:39.580> and
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they're listening to public opinion and
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they're listening to public opinion and
if<00:07:40.810> they're<00:07:40.990> not<00:07:41.020> there<00:07:41.650> to<00:07:41.919> represent<00:07:42.159> the
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if they're not there to represent the
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if they're not there to represent the
public<00:07:43.120> what<00:07:43.360> are<00:07:43.569> they<00:07:43.780> doing<00:07:44.169> in<00:07:44.349> Parliament
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public what are they doing in Parliament
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public what are they doing in Parliament
we're<00:07:47.139> ready<00:07:47.349> to<00:07:47.439> work<00:07:47.740> out<00:07:47.979> the<00:07:48.159> correlation
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we're ready to work out the correlation
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we're ready to work out the correlation
coefficient<00:07:49.000> using<00:07:49.689> our<00:07:50.349> formula<00:07:50.650> we<00:07:51.580> can
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coefficient using our formula we can
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coefficient using our formula we can
then<00:07:51.879> see<00:07:52.120> how<00:07:52.689> this<00:07:52.900> might<00:07:53.110> give<00:07:53.349> help<00:07:53.620> to<00:07:53.680> the
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then see how this might give help to the
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then see how this might give help to the
politicians<00:07:54.219> seeking<00:07:55.210> to<00:07:55.509> understand
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politicians seeking to understand
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politicians seeking to understand
people's<00:07:56.439> wishes<00:07:58.110> we<00:07:59.110> begin<00:07:59.439> our<00:07:59.469> calculation
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people's wishes we begin our calculation
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people's wishes we begin our calculation
by<00:08:00.759> computing<00:08:01.270> the<00:08:01.330> differences<00:08:01.990> in<00:08:02.020> the
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by computing the differences in the
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by computing the differences in the
rankings<00:08:02.740> for<00:08:03.009> each<00:08:03.189> issue<00:08:03.520> labeled<00:08:04.389> d<00:08:05.039> so<00:08:06.039> in
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rankings for each issue labeled d so in
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rankings for each issue labeled d so in
column<00:08:06.520> for<00:08:06.789> we<00:08:07.599> have<00:08:07.780> for<00:08:08.439> health<00:08:09.449> 1-4<00:08:10.449> which
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column for we have for health 1-4 which
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column for we have for health 1-4 which
gives<00:08:11.439> us<00:08:11.590> minus<00:08:11.800> 3<00:08:13.289> when<00:08:14.289> we<00:08:14.439> sum<00:08:14.830> these
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gives us minus 3 when we sum these
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gives us minus 3 when we sum these
differences<00:08:15.729> at<00:08:15.909> the<00:08:16.000> bottom<00:08:16.330> of<00:08:16.360> the<00:08:16.449> column
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differences at the bottom of the column
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differences at the bottom of the column
it<00:08:17.139> will<00:08:17.379> of<00:08:17.650> course<00:08:17.800> come<00:08:18.099> to<00:08:18.250> 0<00:08:19.979> so<00:08:20.979> in<00:08:21.099> column
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it will of course come to 0 so in column
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it will of course come to 0 so in column
5<00:08:21.939> we've<00:08:22.930> squared<00:08:23.469> each<00:08:23.889> of<00:08:24.099> the<00:08:24.189> differences
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5 we've squared each of the differences
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5 we've squared each of the differences
and<00:08:24.909> then<00:08:25.659> summed<00:08:26.050> these<00:08:26.909> that<00:08:27.909> way<00:08:28.120> we<00:08:28.810> turn
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and then summed these that way we turn
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and then summed these that way we turn
even<00:08:29.409> negative<00:08:29.860> numbers<00:08:30.279> into<00:08:30.520> positive
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even negative numbers into positive
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even negative numbers into positive
numbers<00:08:31.360> and<00:08:31.870> that's<00:08:32.079> what<00:08:32.229> we<00:08:32.380> want<00:08:32.620> we're
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numbers and that's what we want we're
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numbers and that's what we want we're
interested<00:08:33.700> in<00:08:34.029> the<00:08:34.149> absolute<00:08:34.899> differences
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interested in the absolute differences
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interested in the absolute differences
of<00:08:35.709> the<00:08:35.800> rankings
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of the rankings
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of the rankings
in<00:08:38.519> our<00:08:38.669> case<00:08:38.880> the<00:08:38.940> sum<00:08:39.329> of<00:08:39.479> these<00:08:39.599> squared
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in our case the sum of these squared
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in our case the sum of these squared
differences<00:08:40.529> is<00:08:41.209> 202<00:08:42.709> we<00:08:43.709> can<00:08:43.890> take<00:08:44.070> this
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differences is 202 we can take this
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differences is 202 we can take this
number<00:08:44.399> and<00:08:44.730> feed<00:08:45.420> it<00:08:45.570> into<00:08:45.720> our<00:08:45.870> formula<00:08:46.290> and
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number and feed it into our formula and
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number and feed it into our formula and
so<00:08:47.459> produce<00:08:47.670> our<00:08:48.089> rank<00:08:48.420> correlation
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so produce our rank correlation
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so produce our rank correlation
coefficient
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our<00:08:52.850> formula<00:08:53.360> is<00:08:53.570> our<00:08:54.560> sub<00:08:54.950> s<00:08:55.130> equals<00:08:55.670> one
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our formula is our sub s equals one
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our formula is our sub s equals one
minus<00:08:56.410> six<00:08:57.410> sigma<00:08:58.160> d<00:08:58.310> squared<00:08:58.670> over<00:08:59.240> n<00:08:59.830> times<00:09:00.830> n
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minus six sigma d squared over n times n
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minus six sigma d squared over n times n
squared<00:09:02.030> minus<00:09:02.210> one<00:09:03.190> we've<00:09:04.190> worked<00:09:04.220> out<00:09:04.730> that
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squared minus one we've worked out that
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squared minus one we've worked out that
sigma<00:09:05.630> d<00:09:05.780> squared<00:09:06.140> the<00:09:06.410> sum<00:09:06.650> of<00:09:06.800> the<00:09:06.890> squared
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sigma d squared the sum of the squared
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sigma d squared the sum of the squared
differences<00:09:07.730> is<00:09:08.230> 202<00:09:09.910> with<00:09:10.910> 10<00:09:11.240> issues<00:09:11.570> so<00:09:12.290> N
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differences is 202 with 10 issues so N
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differences is 202 with 10 issues so N
equals<00:09:12.670> 10<00:09:14.620> so<00:09:15.620> this<00:09:15.650> gives<00:09:15.980> us<00:09:16.250> our<00:09:17.180> sub<00:09:17.570> s
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equals 10 so this gives us our sub s
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equals 10 so this gives us our sub s
equals<00:09:18.170> one<00:09:18.500> minus<00:09:19.480> six<00:09:20.480> x<00:09:20.680> 202<00:09:22.150> over<00:09:23.150> 10<00:09:24.050> times
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equals one minus six x 202 over 10 times
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equals one minus six x 202 over 10 times
100<00:09:26.240> minus<00:09:26.420> 1<00:09:27.790> which<00:09:28.790> equals<00:09:28.820> one<00:09:29.660> minus<00:09:31.780> 1212
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100 minus 1 which equals one minus 1212
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100 minus 1 which equals one minus 1212
over<00:09:34.060> 990<00:09:35.350> which<00:09:36.350> equals<00:09:37.000> minus<00:09:38.500> 9.22<00:09:39.500> for<00:09:41.890> now
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over 990 which equals minus 9.22 for now
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over 990 which equals minus 9.22 for now
this<00:09:43.010> is<00:09:43.070> fairly<00:09:44.060> close<00:09:44.570> to<00:09:44.810> zero<00:09:45.140> suggesting
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this is fairly close to zero suggesting
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this is fairly close to zero suggesting
that<00:09:46.010> our<00:09:46.130> two<00:09:46.370> groups<00:09:46.760> have<00:09:47.630> little<00:09:48.020> in
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that our two groups have little in
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that our two groups have little in
common<00:09:48.170> when<00:09:48.680> it<00:09:48.800> comes<00:09:49.040> to<00:09:49.220> their<00:09:49.370> views<00:09:49.670> on
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common when it comes to their views on
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common when it comes to their views on
the<00:09:49.940> relative<00:09:50.240> importance<00:09:50.900> of<00:09:51.110> the<00:09:51.500> key
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the relative importance of the key
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the relative importance of the key
issues<00:09:52.040> of<00:09:52.160> the<00:09:52.280> day<00:09:53.320> if<00:09:54.320> our<00:09:54.590> data<00:09:54.950> were<00:09:55.310> to<00:09:55.520> be
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issues of the day if our data were to be
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issues of the day if our data were to be
representative<00:09:56.780> then<00:09:57.560> a<00:09:57.590> political<00:09:58.190> party
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representative then a political party
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representative then a political party
would<00:09:58.910> be<00:09:59.060> in<00:09:59.180> difficulties<00:09:59.720> there's
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would be in difficulties there's
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would be in difficulties there's
virtually<00:10:01.190> no<00:10:01.370> correlation<00:10:02.060> between<00:10:02.180> issues
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virtually no correlation between issues
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virtually no correlation between issues
generally<00:10:03.080> of<00:10:03.470> greatest<00:10:03.920> concern<00:10:04.010> among
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generally of greatest concern among
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generally of greatest concern among
younger<00:10:04.940> people<00:10:05.090> and<00:10:05.570> issues<00:10:06.170> generally<00:10:06.650> of
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younger people and issues generally of
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younger people and issues generally of
greatest<00:10:07.460> concern<00:10:07.550> amongst<00:10:08.330> older<00:10:08.420> people
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greatest concern amongst older people
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greatest concern amongst older people
this<00:10:09.620> makes<00:10:09.860> the<00:10:10.010> task<00:10:10.280> of<00:10:10.550> finding<00:10:10.760> a<00:10:11.030> message
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this makes the task of finding a message
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this makes the task of finding a message
appealing<00:10:12.260> to<00:10:12.410> all<00:10:12.440> age<00:10:12.800> groups<00:10:12.830> very
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appealing to all age groups very
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appealing to all age groups very
difficult<00:10:14.890> developing<00:10:15.890> policies<00:10:16.340> on<00:10:16.520> tax<00:10:16.850> and
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difficult developing policies on tax and
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difficult developing policies on tax and
spending<00:10:17.390> for<00:10:17.570> example<00:10:18.080> becomes<00:10:18.770> very
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spending for example becomes very
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spending for example becomes very
awkward<00:10:20.830> things<00:10:21.830> can<00:10:22.040> be<00:10:22.160> even<00:10:22.490> more
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awkward things can be even more
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awkward things can be even more
difficult<00:10:22.940> than<00:10:23.300> this<00:10:23.530> sometimes<00:10:24.530> the
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difficult than this sometimes the
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difficult than this sometimes the
significance<00:10:25.370> of<00:10:25.490> issues<00:10:25.850> can<00:10:26.420> vary<00:10:26.720> between
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significance of issues can vary between
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significance of issues can vary between
people<00:10:27.560> in<00:10:27.680> the<00:10:27.800> same<00:10:28.070> group<00:10:29.470> it<00:10:30.470> won't<00:10:30.740> do<00:10:30.950> for
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people in the same group it won't do for
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people in the same group it won't do for
the<00:10:31.280> politicians<00:10:31.850> to<00:10:32.090> take<00:10:32.270> notice<00:10:32.540> of<00:10:32.810> old
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the politicians to take notice of old
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the politicians to take notice of old
surveys<00:10:33.590> people's<00:10:34.280> attitudes<00:10:34.820> can<00:10:35.060> change
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surveys people's attitudes can change
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surveys people's attitudes can change
quite<00:10:35.660> quickly<00:10:36.040> for<00:10:37.040> example<00:10:37.400> in<00:10:37.460> recent
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quite quickly for example in recent
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quite quickly for example in recent
years<00:10:37.850> green<00:10:38.690> issues<00:10:39.050> have<00:10:39.260> come<00:10:39.290> to<00:10:39.710> the<00:10:39.800> form
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years green issues have come to the form
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years green issues have come to the form
huge<00:10:41.270> changes<00:10:41.900> in<00:10:41.960> medical<00:10:42.770> techniques<00:10:43.310> have
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huge changes in medical techniques have
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huge changes in medical techniques have
brought<00:10:43.850> health<00:10:44.180> care<00:10:44.540> issues<00:10:44.930> more<00:10:45.500> to
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brought health care issues more to
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brought health care issues more to
people's<00:10:46.130> minds<00:10:46.660> on<00:10:47.660> the<00:10:47.810> other<00:10:47.900> hand<00:10:47.990> better
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people's minds on the other hand better
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people's minds on the other hand better
control<00:10:49.340> of<00:10:49.550> inflation<00:10:50.180> extended<00:10:50.960> to<00:10:51.110> push
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control of inflation extended to push
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control of inflation extended to push
this<00:10:51.590> down<00:10:51.920> people's<00:10:52.520> list<00:10:52.760> of<00:10:52.910> worries<00:10:53.920> will
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this down people's list of worries will
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this down people's list of worries will
always<00:10:55.310> see<00:10:55.490> Health<00:10:55.760> Services<00:10:56.330> one<00:10:56.510> of<00:10:56.600> the
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always see Health Services one of the
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always see Health Services one of the
most<00:10:56.840> important<00:10:57.350> issues<00:10:57.710> will<00:10:58.400> always<00:10:58.820> see<00:10:59.090> of
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most important issues will always see of
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most important issues will always see of
the<00:11:00.770> economy<00:11:01.339> but<00:11:02.000> we<00:11:02.240> have<00:11:02.570> the<00:11:02.750> economy<00:11:03.350> much
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the economy but we have the economy much
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the economy but we have the economy much
higher<00:11:03.830> today<00:11:04.160> than<00:11:04.370> we
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higher today than we
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higher today than we
did<00:11:05.610> 10<00:11:05.880> years<00:11:05.910> ago<00:11:06.210> that's<00:11:06.690> for<00:11:06.960> sure<00:11:07.170> in
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did 10 years ago that's for sure in
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did 10 years ago that's for sure in
people's<00:11:08.370> voting<00:11:08.700> behavior<00:11:08.820> but<00:11:09.210> remember
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people's voting behavior but remember
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people's voting behavior but remember
issues<00:11:10.500> of<00:11:11.330> the<00:11:12.330> not<00:11:12.690> of<00:11:12.870> the<00:11:13.020> eighty<00:11:13.350> percent
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issues of the not of the eighty percent
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issues of the not of the eighty percent
but<00:11:14.760> of<00:11:14.880> the<00:11:15.000> twenty<00:11:15.330> percent<00:11:15.360> of<00:11:15.810> floating
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but of the twenty percent of floating
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but of the twenty percent of floating
voters<00:11:17.180> issues<00:11:18.180> are<00:11:18.480> only<00:11:18.870> the<00:11:19.140> prime
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voters issues are only the prime
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voters issues are only the prime
consideration<00:11:20.550> in<00:11:21.500> forty<00:11:22.500> percent<00:11:22.890> of<00:11:23.100> those
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consideration in forty percent of those
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consideration in forty percent of those
now<00:11:24.450> to<00:11:24.510> use<00:11:24.779> some<00:11:25.020> more<00:11:25.170> statistics<00:11:25.950> if<00:11:26.130> you
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now to use some more statistics if you
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now to use some more statistics if you
multiply<00:11:27.330> eighty<00:11:27.720> percent<00:11:28.580> by<00:11:30.080> forty<00:11:31.080> percent
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multiply eighty percent by forty percent
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multiply eighty percent by forty percent
you're<00:11:32.040> down<00:11:32.279> at<00:11:32.459> two<00:11:32.670> percent<00:11:33.209> of<00:11:33.390> the<00:11:33.600> total
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you're down at two percent of the total
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you're down at two percent of the total
electorate<00:11:34.500> that<00:11:35.690> you're<00:11:36.690> talking<00:11:36.899> about<00:11:37.350> and
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electorate that you're talking about and
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electorate that you're talking about and
they're<00:11:38.040> the<00:11:38.190> people<00:11:38.339> who<00:11:38.520> say<00:11:38.820> that<00:11:39.000> the
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they're the people who say that the
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they're the people who say that the
economy<00:11:39.959> it's<00:11:40.350> the<00:11:40.560> economy<00:11:40.800> stupid<00:11:41.810> so<00:11:42.810> given
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economy it's the economy stupid so given
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economy it's the economy stupid so given
the<00:11:43.230> attitude<00:11:43.680> changes<00:11:44.250> that<00:11:44.459> will
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the attitude changes that will
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the attitude changes that will
inevitably<00:11:44.790> take<00:11:45.360> place<00:11:45.630> every<00:11:45.839> time
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inevitably take place every time
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inevitably take place every time
questionnaires<00:11:47.339> of<00:11:47.520> this<00:11:47.670> kind<00:11:47.910> I<00:11:48.270> conducted
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questionnaires of this kind I conducted
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questionnaires of this kind I conducted
regularly<00:11:51.529> these<00:11:52.529> techniques<00:11:52.920> of
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regularly these techniques of
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regularly these techniques of
correlation<00:11:53.790> are<00:11:53.940> clearly<00:11:54.180> useful<00:11:54.750> for
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correlation are clearly useful for
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correlation are clearly useful for
analyzing<00:11:55.470> political<00:11:56.459> data<00:11:56.700> but<00:11:57.270> they<00:11:57.390> have<00:11:57.540> a
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analyzing political data but they have a
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analyzing political data but they have a
wide<00:11:57.839> range<00:11:58.170> of<00:11:58.380> applications<00:11:59.570> whenever<00:12:00.570> in
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wide range of applications whenever in
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wide range of applications whenever in
the<00:12:00.839> social<00:12:01.200> sciences<00:12:01.740> we<00:12:02.220> wish<00:12:02.430> to<00:12:02.459> make
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the social sciences we wish to make
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the social sciences we wish to make
comparisons<00:12:03.570> with<00:12:03.810> sets<00:12:04.080> of<00:12:04.290> rankings
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comparisons with sets of rankings
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comparisons with sets of rankings
correlation<00:12:06.180> coefficients<00:12:06.810> will<00:12:07.200> prove<00:12:07.470> to
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correlation coefficients will prove to
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correlation coefficients will prove to
be<00:12:07.649> an<00:12:07.830> improper<00:12:08.339> technique<00:12:08.550> to<00:12:09.000> use<00:12:09.350> but<00:12:10.350> they
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be an improper technique to use but they
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be an improper technique to use but they
do<00:12:10.529> have<00:12:10.890> their<00:12:10.920> limits<00:12:11.930> doesn't<00:12:12.930> tell<00:12:13.080> us
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do have their limits doesn't tell us
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do have their limits doesn't tell us
anything<00:12:13.290> about<00:12:13.770> the<00:12:14.100> causal<00:12:14.790> links<00:12:15.390> between
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anything about the causal links between
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anything about the causal links between
sets<00:12:16.620> of<00:12:16.830> data<00:12:16.980> and<00:12:18.320> secondly<00:12:19.320> when<00:12:19.950> we<00:12:20.070> look
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sets of data and secondly when we look
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sets of data and secondly when we look
at<00:12:20.370> rank<00:12:21.120> correlation<00:12:22.080> it<00:12:22.740> doesn't<00:12:23.190> tell<00:12:23.370> us
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at rank correlation it doesn't tell us
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at rank correlation it doesn't tell us
anything<00:12:23.640> about<00:12:24.089> the<00:12:24.420> relative<00:12:24.900> values<00:12:25.860> that
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anything about the relative values that
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anything about the relative values that
we<00:12:26.580> place<00:12:26.910> on<00:12:27.180> issues<00:12:27.570> for<00:12:27.779> example<00:12:28.339> so<00:12:29.339> we
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we place on issues for example so we
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we place on issues for example so we
don't<00:12:29.670> know<00:12:29.910> whether<00:12:30.209> somebody<00:12:30.750> rates<00:12:31.050> issue
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don't know whether somebody rates issue
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don't know whether somebody rates issue
number<00:12:31.890> to<00:12:32.459> a<00:12:32.700> bit<00:12:33.270> less<00:12:33.480> important<00:12:34.080> than
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number to a bit less important than
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number to a bit less important than
issue<00:12:34.350> number<00:12:34.740> one<00:12:34.920> or<00:12:35.310> a<00:12:35.370> great<00:12:35.880> deal<00:12:36.180> less
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issue number one or a great deal less
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issue number one or a great deal less
important<00:12:38.480> but<00:12:39.480> if<00:12:39.660> we're<00:12:39.900> aware<00:12:40.410> of<00:12:40.470> these
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important but if we're aware of these
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important but if we're aware of these
limitations<00:12:41.810> then<00:12:42.810> correlation
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limitations then correlation
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limitations then correlation
coefficients<00:12:44.279> can<00:12:44.700> be<00:12:44.760> very<00:12:45.300> useful<00:12:45.420> to<00:12:45.900> us<00:12:46.200> as
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coefficients can be very useful to us as
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coefficients can be very useful to us as
a<00:12:48.300> minister<00:12:48.990> in<00:12:49.230> government<00:12:49.980> the<00:12:50.850> way<00:12:51.000> we
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a minister in government the way we
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a minister in government the way we
approach<00:12:51.540> policymaking<00:12:52.260> is<00:12:52.740> evidence<00:12:53.430> base
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approach policymaking is evidence base
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approach policymaking is evidence base
and<00:12:54.060> I<00:12:54.959> studied<00:12:55.410> economics<00:12:55.529> at<00:12:55.950> University
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and I studied economics at University
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and I studied economics at University
and<00:12:56.579> I<00:12:56.730> actually<00:12:56.820> studied<00:12:57.120> statistics<00:12:57.930> to<00:12:58.110> a
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and I actually studied statistics to a
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and I actually studied statistics to a
certain<00:12:58.440> extent<00:12:58.709> as<00:12:58.920> well<00:12:59.130> and<00:12:59.370> I<00:13:00.300> find<00:13:01.170> I<00:13:01.320> use
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certain extent as well and I find I use
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certain extent as well and I find I use
those<00:13:01.740> skills<00:13:01.860> now<00:13:02.250> more<00:13:02.520> than<00:13:02.610> ever<00:13:02.790> before
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those skills now more than ever before
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those skills now more than ever before
because<00:13:04.410> you're<00:13:04.860> analyzing<00:13:05.520> research<00:13:06.270> to<00:13:06.630> try
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because you're analyzing research to try
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because you're analyzing research to try
and<00:13:06.990> work<00:13:07.140> out<00:13:07.700> really<00:13:08.700> what<00:13:08.970> policy
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and work out really what policy
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and work out really what policy
direction<00:13:09.810> you're<00:13:10.110> going<00:13:10.140> to<00:13:10.589> take<00:13:10.800> and<00:13:11.130> the
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direction you're going to take and the
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direction you're going to take and the
effects<00:13:11.820> of<00:13:11.940> the<00:13:12.000> policies<00:13:12.450> that<00:13:12.480> you're
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effects of the policies that you're
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effects of the policies that you're
going
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going
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going
the<00:13:13.410> policy<00:13:14.160> decisions<00:13:14.580> that<00:13:14.730> you're<00:13:14.850> making
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the policy decisions that you're making
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the policy decisions that you're making
so<00:13:16.230> statistics<00:13:16.890> has<00:13:17.160> I<00:13:17.520> think<00:13:18.060> a<00:13:18.150> growing<00:13:18.690> role
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so statistics has I think a growing role
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so statistics has I think a growing role
to<00:13:19.140> play<00:13:19.260> in<00:13:19.620> policymaking
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you