WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:05.990 --> 00:00:08.390 align:start position:0% the<00:00:06.990> well-being<00:00:07.200> of<00:00:07.620> people<00:00:07.680> varies<00:00:08.370> greatly 00:00:08.390 --> 00:00:08.400 align:start position:0% the well-being of people varies greatly 00:00:08.400 --> 00:00:11.480 align:start position:0% the well-being of people varies greatly across<00:00:09.059> the<00:00:09.330> world<00:00:09.650> so<00:00:10.650> how<00:00:10.860> can<00:00:10.920> we<00:00:11.100> measure 00:00:11.480 --> 00:00:11.490 align:start position:0% across the world so how can we measure 00:00:11.490 --> 00:00:14.359 align:start position:0% across the world so how can we measure well-being<00:00:11.969> in<00:00:12.719> a<00:00:13.230> way<00:00:13.500> that<00:00:13.740> reflects<00:00:14.160> the 00:00:14.359 --> 00:00:14.369 align:start position:0% well-being in a way that reflects the 00:00:14.369 --> 00:00:17.650 align:start position:0% well-being in a way that reflects the quality<00:00:14.879> of<00:00:14.910> people's<00:00:15.209> lives<00:00:15.500> does<00:00:16.640> income 00:00:17.650 --> 00:00:17.660 align:start position:0% quality of people's lives does income 00:00:17.660 --> 00:00:21.169 align:start position:0% quality of people's lives does income equate<00:00:18.660> to<00:00:18.689> well-being<00:00:19.970> gross<00:00:20.970> domestic 00:00:21.169 --> 00:00:21.179 align:start position:0% equate to well-being gross domestic 00:00:21.179 --> 00:00:24.050 align:start position:0% equate to well-being gross domestic income<00:00:21.960> or<00:00:22.169> GDR<00:00:22.830> a<00:00:22.859> is<00:00:23.220> often<00:00:23.429> used<00:00:23.820> as<00:00:23.999> a 00:00:24.050 --> 00:00:24.060 align:start position:0% income or GDR a is often used as a 00:00:24.060 --> 00:00:26.480 align:start position:0% income or GDR a is often used as a measure<00:00:24.329> of<00:00:24.480> well-being<00:00:25.249> sweden<00:00:26.249> in<00:00:26.400> the 00:00:26.480 --> 00:00:26.490 align:start position:0% measure of well-being sweden in the 00:00:26.490 --> 00:00:29.829 align:start position:0% measure of well-being sweden in the united<00:00:26.999> states<00:00:27.029> have<00:00:27.720> similar<00:00:28.019> GDI<00:00:28.890> per<00:00:29.339> head 00:00:29.829 --> 00:00:29.839 align:start position:0% united states have similar GDI per head 00:00:29.839 --> 00:00:33.040 align:start position:0% united states have similar GDI per head and<00:00:30.839> yet<00:00:30.989> the<00:00:31.140> experience<00:00:31.829> of<00:00:32.009> well-being 00:00:33.040 --> 00:00:33.050 align:start position:0% and yet the experience of well-being 00:00:33.050 --> 00:00:35.360 align:start position:0% and yet the experience of well-being particularly<00:00:34.050> among<00:00:34.320> the<00:00:34.440> poor<00:00:34.890> in<00:00:35.190> these 00:00:35.360 --> 00:00:35.370 align:start position:0% particularly among the poor in these 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ward<00:00:45.510> was<00:00:45.750> created<00:00:46.290> for<00:00:46.440> those 00:00:46.610 --> 00:00:46.620 align:start position:0% Sweden our ward was created for those 00:00:46.620 --> 00:00:49.280 align:start position:0% Sweden our ward was created for those too<00:00:46.950> ill<00:00:47.130> through<00:00:47.940> drug<00:00:48.390> abuse<00:00:48.810> or<00:00:49.050> mental 00:00:49.280 --> 00:00:49.290 align:start position:0% too ill through drug abuse or mental 00:00:49.290 --> 00:00:52.100 align:start position:0% too ill through drug abuse or mental illness<00:00:49.890> to<00:00:50.550> partake<00:00:51.000> in<00:00:51.030> Sweden's<00:00:51.630> generous 00:00:52.100 --> 00:00:52.110 align:start position:0% illness to partake in Sweden's generous 00:00:52.110 --> 00:00:54.830 align:start position:0% illness to partake in Sweden's generous welfare<00:00:52.410> and<00:00:52.860> health<00:00:53.190> care<00:00:53.340> systems<00:00:54.000> because 00:00:54.830 --> 00:00:54.840 align:start position:0% welfare and health care systems because 00:00:54.840 --> 00:00:57.230 align:start position:0% welfare and health care systems because the<00:00:55.560> main<00:00:55.950> part<00:00:56.310> of<00:00:56.490> these<00:00:56.700> homeless<00:00:57.000> people 00:00:57.230 --> 00:00:57.240 align:start position:0% the main part of these homeless people 00:00:57.240 --> 00:01:00.830 align:start position:0% the main part of these homeless people we<00:00:57.630> have<00:00:57.750> in<00:00:57.810> Sweden<00:00:58.350> they<00:00:59.010> are<00:00:59.190> M<00:00:59.430> on<00:01:00.420> drugs 00:01:00.830 --> 00:01:00.840 align:start position:0% we have in Sweden they are M on drugs 00:01:00.840 --> 00:01:03.880 align:start position:0% we have in Sweden they are M on drugs and<00:01:01.080> have<00:01:01.320> psychiatric<00:01:01.860> diseases<00:01:02.490> or<00:01:02.910> one<00:01:03.570> of 00:01:03.880 --> 00:01:03.890 align:start position:0% and have psychiatric diseases or one of 00:01:03.890 --> 00:01:09.069 align:start position:0% and have psychiatric diseases or one of these<00:01:04.890> or<00:01:05.189> both<00:01:05.489> and<00:01:06.469> they<00:01:07.469> are<00:01:07.649> really<00:01:08.009> sick 00:01:09.069 --> 00:01:09.079 align:start position:0% these or both and they are really sick 00:01:09.079 --> 00:01:11.719 align:start position:0% these or both and they are really sick dr.<00:01:10.079> lund<00:01:10.259> works<00:01:10.679> with<00:01:10.950> the<00:01:11.009> most<00:01:11.189> difficult 00:01:11.719 --> 00:01:11.729 align:start position:0% dr. lund works with the most difficult 00:01:11.729 --> 00:01:14.319 align:start position:0% dr. lund works with the most difficult patients<00:01:12.179> imaginable<00:01:12.929> with<00:01:13.380> psychosis 00:01:14.319 --> 00:01:14.329 align:start position:0% patients imaginable with psychosis 00:01:14.329 --> 00:01:18.319 align:start position:0% patients imaginable with psychosis addiction<00:01:15.329> and<00:01:15.539> chronic<00:01:16.259> illness<00:01:17.119> they<00:01:18.119> can 00:01:18.319 --> 00:01:18.329 align:start position:0% addiction and chronic illness they can 00:01:18.329 --> 00:01:21.469 align:start position:0% addiction and chronic illness they can come<00:01:18.509> in<00:01:18.689> however<00:01:19.530> they<00:01:20.429> are<00:01:20.460> because<00:01:21.179> they 00:01:21.469 --> 00:01:21.479 align:start position:0% come in however they are because they 00:01:21.479 --> 00:01:23.149 align:start position:0% come in however they are because they are<00:01:21.600> very<00:01:21.689> severe<00:01:22.170> sickness<00:01:22.469> nuh<00:01:22.859> so<00:01:23.039> the 00:01:23.149 --> 00:01:23.159 align:start position:0% are very severe sickness nuh so the 00:01:23.159 --> 00:01:25.429 align:start position:0% are very severe sickness nuh so the alternative<00:01:23.999> is<00:01:24.149> to<00:01:24.600> throw<00:01:24.840> them<00:01:25.079> out<00:01:25.229> in<00:01:25.409> the 00:01:25.429 --> 00:01:25.439 align:start position:0% alternative is to throw them out in the 00:01:25.439 --> 00:01:27.800 align:start position:0% alternative is to throw them out in the street<00:01:25.740> again<00:01:25.890> and<00:01:26.310> that's<00:01:26.819> not<00:01:27.060> very 00:01:27.800 --> 00:01:27.810 align:start position:0% street again and that's not very 00:01:27.810 --> 00:01:31.010 align:start position:0% street again and that's not very feministic<00:01:28.770> so 00:01:31.010 --> 00:01:31.020 align:start position:0% feministic so 00:01:31.020 --> 00:01:35.999 align:start position:0% feministic so in<00:01:32.020> the<00:01:32.920> USA<00:01:33.689> around<00:01:34.689> fifteen<00:01:35.229> percent<00:01:35.710> live 00:01:35.999 --> 00:01:36.009 align:start position:0% in the USA around fifteen percent live 00:01:36.009 --> 00:01:38.190 align:start position:0% in the USA around fifteen percent live in<00:01:36.130> poverty<00:01:36.490> and<00:01:36.820> there<00:01:37.299> are<00:01:37.420> estimates<00:01:37.600> that 00:01:38.190 --> 00:01:38.200 align:start position:0% in poverty and there are estimates that 00:01:38.200 --> 00:01:41.539 align:start position:0% in poverty and there are estimates that three-quarters<00:01:39.009> of<00:01:39.250> a<00:01:39.429> million<00:01:39.700> are<00:01:40.030> homeless 00:01:41.539 --> 00:01:41.549 align:start position:0% three-quarters of a million are homeless 00:01:41.549 --> 00:01:44.100 align:start position:0% three-quarters of a million are homeless anywhere<00:01:42.549> from<00:01:42.820> a<00:01:43.270> half<00:01:43.630> a<00:01:43.810> million<00:01:43.990> people 00:01:44.100 --> 00:01:44.110 align:start position:0% anywhere from a half a million people 00:01:44.110 --> 00:01:49.139 align:start position:0% anywhere from a half a million people every<00:01:44.560> night<00:01:44.679> are<00:01:45.210> without<00:01:46.210> shelter<00:01:46.509> to<00:01:48.149> maybe 00:01:49.139 --> 00:01:49.149 align:start position:0% every night are without shelter to maybe 00:01:49.149 --> 00:01:51.809 align:start position:0% every night are without shelter to maybe 2<00:01:49.360> million<00:01:49.659> people<00:01:50.100> the<00:01:51.100> estimates<00:01:51.729> are 00:01:51.809 --> 00:01:51.819 align:start position:0% 2 million people the estimates are 00:01:51.819 --> 00:01:53.719 align:start position:0% 2 million people the estimates are really<00:01:52.060> wide<00:01:52.240> because<00:01:52.569> again<00:01:53.170> the<00:01:53.319> data<00:01:53.530> is 00:01:53.719 --> 00:01:53.729 align:start position:0% really wide because again the data is 00:01:53.729 --> 00:01:59.700 align:start position:0% really wide because again the data is not<00:01:54.729> that<00:01:54.939> great<00:01:55.560> but<00:01:58.259> somewhere<00:01:59.259> between<00:01:59.530> a 00:01:59.700 --> 00:01:59.710 align:start position:0% not that great but somewhere between a 00:01:59.710 --> 00:02:01.830 align:start position:0% not that great but somewhere between a half<00:01:59.950> and<00:02:00.069> two<00:02:00.250> percent<00:02:00.640> probably<00:02:01.119> of<00:02:01.780> the 00:02:01.830 --> 00:02:01.840 align:start position:0% half and two percent probably of the 00:02:01.840 --> 00:02:04.050 align:start position:0% half and two percent probably of the population<00:02:02.590> are<00:02:02.799> either<00:02:03.340> experiencing 00:02:04.050 --> 00:02:04.060 align:start position:0% population are either experiencing 00:02:04.060 --> 00:02:07.109 align:start position:0% population are either experiencing homelessness<00:02:04.240> or<00:02:04.720> will<00:02:05.319> soon<00:02:05.770> or<00:02:06.039> have<00:02:06.250> in<00:02:06.610> the 00:02:07.109 --> 00:02:07.119 align:start position:0% homelessness or will soon or have in the 00:02:07.119 --> 00:02:11.759 align:start position:0% homelessness or will soon or have in the very<00:02:07.330> recent<00:02:07.720> past<00:02:09.569> in<00:02:10.569> the<00:02:11.410> US<00:02:11.739> the 00:02:11.759 --> 00:02:11.769 align:start position:0% very recent past in the US the 00:02:11.769 --> 00:02:14.009 align:start position:0% very recent past in the US the government<00:02:12.430> plays<00:02:12.670> a<00:02:12.700> relatively<00:02:13.329> small<00:02:13.450> role 00:02:14.009 --> 00:02:14.019 align:start position:0% government plays a relatively small role 00:02:14.019 --> 00:02:16.199 align:start position:0% government plays a relatively small role in<00:02:14.049> dealing<00:02:14.590> with<00:02:14.620> homelessness<00:02:15.190> funding<00:02:16.180> for 00:02:16.199 --> 00:02:16.209 align:start position:0% in dealing with homelessness funding for 00:02:16.209 --> 00:02:19.100 align:start position:0% in dealing with homelessness funding for the<00:02:16.480> homeless<00:02:16.930> comes<00:02:17.170> largely<00:02:17.440> from<00:02:17.739> charity 00:02:19.100 --> 00:02:19.110 align:start position:0% the homeless comes largely from charity 00:02:19.110 --> 00:02:22.550 align:start position:0% the homeless comes largely from charity the<00:02:20.110> country<00:02:20.410> has<00:02:20.590> a<00:02:21.280> lot<00:02:22.180> of<00:02:22.209> wealth 00:02:22.550 --> 00:02:22.560 align:start position:0% the country has a lot of wealth 00:02:22.560 --> 00:02:24.600 align:start position:0% the country has a lot of wealth relatively<00:02:23.560> speaking<00:02:23.769> when<00:02:24.280> you<00:02:24.370> think<00:02:24.549> about 00:02:24.600 --> 00:02:24.610 align:start position:0% relatively speaking when you think about 00:02:24.610 --> 00:02:28.949 align:start position:0% relatively speaking when you think about just<00:02:25.230> square<00:02:26.230> footage<00:02:26.650> of<00:02:27.000> housing<00:02:28.000> per 00:02:28.949 --> 00:02:28.959 align:start position:0% just square footage of housing per 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it just doesn't seem<00:02:36.609> right<00:02:37.530> so<00:02:38.530> as<00:02:38.889> a<00:02:39.250> responsibility<00:02:40.180> as<00:02:40.480> a 00:02:40.650 --> 00:02:40.660 align:start position:0% seem right so as a responsibility as a 00:02:40.660 --> 00:02:42.539 align:start position:0% seem right so as a responsibility as a community<00:02:41.139> to<00:02:41.230> take<00:02:41.500> care<00:02:41.709> of<00:02:41.769> that<00:02:42.069> the 00:02:42.539 --> 00:02:42.549 align:start position:0% community to take care of that the 00:02:42.549 --> 00:02:43.830 align:start position:0% community to take care of that the people<00:02:42.790> who<00:02:42.850> can't<00:02:43.030> find<00:02:43.239> shelter<00:02:43.569> when 00:02:43.830 --> 00:02:43.840 align:start position:0% people who can't find shelter when 00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:45.420 align:start position:0% people who can't find shelter when there's<00:02:43.989> so<00:02:44.139> much<00:02:44.260> shelter<00:02:44.650> that<00:02:44.799> could<00:02:45.280> be 00:02:45.420 --> 00:02:45.430 align:start position:0% there's so much shelter that could be 00:02:45.430 --> 00:02:47.160 align:start position:0% there's so much shelter that could be available<00:02:45.940> I<00:02:46.120> think<00:02:46.870> it's<00:02:46.959> the<00:02:47.019> right<00:02:47.139> thing 00:02:47.160 --> 00:02:47.170 align:start position:0% available I think it's the right thing 00:02:47.170 --> 00:02:50.430 align:start position:0% available I think it's the right thing for<00:02:47.530> a<00:02:47.560> community<00:02:47.739> to<00:02:47.980> do<00:02:48.750> the<00:02:49.750> shelter<00:02:50.230> for 00:02:50.430 --> 00:02:50.440 align:start position:0% for a community to do the shelter for 00:02:50.440 --> 00:02:52.289 align:start position:0% for a community to do the shelter for the<00:02:50.500> homeless<00:02:50.639> receives<00:02:51.639> most<00:02:52.000> of<00:02:52.180> its 00:02:52.289 --> 00:02:52.299 align:start position:0% the homeless receives most of its 00:02:52.299 --> 00:02:55.440 align:start position:0% the homeless receives most of its funding<00:02:52.780> from<00:02:53.079> private<00:02:53.170> donations<00:02:54.450> the 00:02:55.440 --> 00:02:55.450 align:start position:0% funding from private donations the 00:02:55.450 --> 00:02:57.840 align:start position:0% funding from private donations the government's<00:02:55.989> aren't<00:02:56.260> providing<00:02:56.829> for<00:02:57.790> a 00:02:57.840 --> 00:02:57.850 align:start position:0% government's aren't providing for a 00:02:57.850 --> 00:02:59.910 align:start position:0% government's aren't providing for a whole<00:02:58.000> lot<00:02:58.030> of<00:02:58.239> money<00:02:58.480> towards<00:02:58.989> homeless 00:02:59.910 --> 00:02:59.920 align:start position:0% whole lot of money towards homeless 00:02:59.920 --> 00:03:01.590 align:start position:0% whole lot of money towards homeless shelters<00:03:00.400> we're<00:03:01.000> tapping<00:03:01.209> into<00:03:01.480> the 00:03:01.590 --> 00:03:01.600 align:start position:0% shelters we're tapping into the 00:03:01.600 --> 00:03:04.440 align:start position:0% shelters we're tapping into the community<00:03:02.109> getting<00:03:03.100> community<00:03:03.639> dollars<00:03:04.060> you 00:03:04.440 --> 00:03:04.450 align:start position:0% community getting community dollars you 00:03:04.450 --> 00:03:06.300 align:start position:0% community getting community dollars you know<00:03:04.480> individuals<00:03:05.019> giving<00:03:05.650> us<00:03:05.739> checks<00:03:06.069> for 00:03:06.300 --> 00:03:06.310 align:start position:0% know individuals giving us checks for 00:03:06.310 --> 00:03:08.610 align:start position:0% know individuals giving us checks for fifty<00:03:06.850> hundred<00:03:07.030> dollars<00:03:07.420> a<00:03:07.450> month<00:03:07.600> and<00:03:08.109> we're 00:03:08.610 --> 00:03:08.620 align:start position:0% fifty hundred dollars a month and we're 00:03:08.620 --> 00:03:11.129 align:start position:0% fifty hundred dollars a month and we're utilizing<00:03:08.799> that<00:03:09.400> to<00:03:09.880> provide<00:03:10.299> housing<00:03:10.870> for 00:03:11.129 --> 00:03:11.139 align:start position:0% utilizing that to provide housing for 00:03:11.139 --> 00:03:12.900 align:start position:0% utilizing that to provide housing for people<00:03:11.290> in<00:03:11.560> weather<00:03:11.799> wise<00:03:12.190> wouldn't<00:03:12.609> have<00:03:12.730> it 00:03:12.900 --> 00:03:12.910 align:start position:0% people in weather wise wouldn't have it 00:03:12.910 --> 00:03:18.650 align:start position:0% people in weather wise wouldn't have it we<00:03:13.840> rely<00:03:14.310> to<00:03:15.310> it<00:03:15.780> timaya<00:03:16.780> disgraceful<00:03:17.709> a 00:03:18.650 --> 00:03:18.660 align:start position:0% we rely to it timaya disgraceful a 00:03:18.660 --> 00:03:21.629 align:start position:0% we rely to it timaya disgraceful a disgraceful<00:03:19.660> reliance<00:03:20.290> on<00:03:20.530> the<00:03:21.250> generosity 00:03:21.629 --> 00:03:21.639 align:start position:0% disgraceful reliance on the generosity 00:03:21.639 --> 00:03:25.589 align:start position:0% disgraceful reliance on the generosity of<00:03:22.060> individuals<00:03:22.780> in<00:03:23.049> this<00:03:23.440> country<00:03:24.010> we<00:03:24.910> don't 00:03:25.589 --> 00:03:25.599 align:start position:0% of individuals in this country we don't 00:03:25.599 --> 00:03:29.339 align:start position:0% of individuals in this country we don't take<00:03:25.900> care<00:03:26.169> of<00:03:26.230> our<00:03:26.799> poor<00:03:27.130> or<00:03:27.430> afford<00:03:28.000> them<00:03:28.349> the 00:03:29.339 --> 00:03:29.349 align:start position:0% take care of our poor or afford them the 00:03:29.349 --> 00:03:32.069 align:start position:0% take care of our poor or afford them the opportunities<00:03:30.069> that<00:03:30.370> would<00:03:30.880> help<00:03:31.090> them<00:03:31.419> so 00:03:32.069 --> 00:03:32.079 align:start position:0% opportunities that would help them so 00:03:32.079 --> 00:03:34.080 align:start position:0% opportunities that would help them so can<00:03:32.260> we<00:03:32.380> make<00:03:32.590> realistic<00:03:33.160> comparisons 00:03:34.080 --> 00:03:34.090 align:start position:0% can we make realistic comparisons 00:03:34.090 --> 00:03:35.909 align:start position:0% can we make realistic comparisons between<00:03:34.269> countries<00:03:34.750> using<00:03:35.290> such<00:03:35.680> statistics 00:03:35.909 --> 00:03:35.919 align:start position:0% between countries using such statistics 00:03:35.919 --> 00:03:38.580 align:start position:0% between countries using such statistics when<00:03:36.910> there's<00:03:37.120> so<00:03:37.299> much<00:03:37.450> variation<00:03:37.989> it<00:03:38.409> will 00:03:38.580 --> 00:03:38.590 align:start position:0% when there's so much variation it will 00:03:38.590 --> 00:03:38.890 align:start position:0% when there's so much variation it will be 00:03:38.890 --> 00:03:38.900 align:start position:0% be 00:03:38.900 --> 00:03:41.789 align:start position:0% be in<00:03:38.989> among<00:03:39.230> countries<00:03:39.470> and<00:03:39.920> within<00:03:40.640> countries 00:03:41.789 --> 00:03:41.799 align:start position:0% in among countries and within countries 00:03:41.799 --> 00:03:45.819 align:start position:0% in among countries and within countries GDI<00:03:42.799> is<00:03:42.920> most<00:03:43.519> often<00:03:43.760> used<00:03:43.939> and<00:03:44.480> many<00:03:45.379> argue 00:03:45.819 --> 00:03:45.829 align:start position:0% GDI is most often used and many argue 00:03:45.829 --> 00:03:48.220 align:start position:0% GDI is most often used and many argue that<00:03:46.010> GDI<00:03:46.370> is<00:03:46.489> a<00:03:46.670> good<00:03:47.090> measure<00:03:47.450> in<00:03:47.750> market 00:03:48.220 --> 00:03:48.230 align:start position:0% that GDI is a good measure in market 00:03:48.230 --> 00:03:50.949 align:start position:0% that GDI is a good measure in market societies<00:03:48.890> because<00:03:49.670> the<00:03:49.849> prices<00:03:50.150> people<00:03:50.689> pay 00:03:50.949 --> 00:03:50.959 align:start position:0% societies because the prices people pay 00:03:50.959 --> 00:03:53.559 align:start position:0% societies because the prices people pay for<00:03:51.230> goods<00:03:51.610> reflect<00:03:52.610> the<00:03:52.790> values<00:03:53.030> people 00:03:53.559 --> 00:03:53.569 align:start position:0% for goods reflect the values people 00:03:53.569 --> 00:03:56.649 align:start position:0% for goods reflect the values people place<00:03:54.019> on<00:03:54.200> those<00:03:54.379> goods<00:03:55.150> when<00:03:56.150> we<00:03:56.269> add<00:03:56.390> up<00:03:56.510> all 00:03:56.649 --> 00:03:56.659 align:start position:0% place on those goods when we add up all 00:03:56.659 --> 00:03:58.720 align:start position:0% place on those goods when we add up all the<00:03:56.870> output<00:03:57.290> of<00:03:57.319> the<00:03:57.470> society<00:03:58.069> and<00:03:58.220> divide<00:03:58.579> it 00:03:58.720 --> 00:03:58.730 align:start position:0% the output of the society and divide it 00:03:58.730 --> 00:04:00.910 align:start position:0% the output of the society and divide it by<00:03:58.879> the<00:03:58.909> number<00:03:59.060> of<00:03:59.359> people<00:03:59.840> the<00:04:00.409> resulting 00:04:00.910 --> 00:04:00.920 align:start position:0% by the number of people the resulting 00:04:00.920 --> 00:04:03.039 align:start position:0% by the number of people the resulting amount<00:04:01.220> has<00:04:01.640> a<00:04:01.670> good<00:04:02.030> claim<00:04:02.329> to<00:04:02.569> be<00:04:02.689> a<00:04:02.720> useful 00:04:03.039 --> 00:04:03.049 align:start position:0% amount has a good claim to be a useful 00:04:03.049 --> 00:04:05.540 align:start position:0% amount has a good claim to be a useful measure<00:04:03.439> of<00:04:03.709> well-being 00:04:05.540 --> 00:04:05.550 align:start position:0% measure of well-being 00:04:05.550 --> 00:04:07.790 align:start position:0% measure of well-being prices<00:04:06.420> reflect<00:04:06.600> the<00:04:06.930> value<00:04:07.260> we<00:04:07.410> place<00:04:07.560> on 00:04:07.790 --> 00:04:07.800 align:start position:0% prices reflect the value we place on 00:04:07.800 --> 00:04:10.610 align:start position:0% prices reflect the value we place on output<00:04:08.450> for<00:04:09.450> instance<00:04:09.750> a<00:04:09.870> Mercedes<00:04:10.380> has<00:04:10.590> a 00:04:10.610 --> 00:04:10.620 align:start position:0% output for instance a Mercedes has a 00:04:10.620 --> 00:04:12.770 align:start position:0% output for instance a Mercedes has a higher<00:04:10.920> price<00:04:11.340> than<00:04:11.370> a<00:04:11.610> Ford<00:04:11.940> because<00:04:12.630> we 00:04:12.770 --> 00:04:12.780 align:start position:0% higher price than a Ford because we 00:04:12.780 --> 00:04:14.870 align:start position:0% higher price than a Ford because we value<00:04:13.020> the<00:04:13.380> engineering<00:04:14.100> technology 00:04:14.870 --> 00:04:14.880 align:start position:0% value the engineering technology 00:04:14.880 --> 00:04:17.390 align:start position:0% value the engineering technology aesthetics<00:04:15.840> and<00:04:16.170> style<00:04:16.530> of<00:04:16.709> the<00:04:16.769> Mercedes 00:04:17.390 --> 00:04:17.400 align:start position:0% aesthetics and style of the Mercedes 00:04:17.400 --> 00:04:21.199 align:start position:0% aesthetics and style of the Mercedes more<00:04:18.769> let's<00:04:19.769> look<00:04:20.010> at<00:04:20.190> how<00:04:20.370> building<00:04:21.060> and 00:04:21.199 --> 00:04:21.209 align:start position:0% more let's look at how building and 00:04:21.209 --> 00:04:25.340 align:start position:0% more let's look at how building and consuming<00:04:21.750> a<00:04:21.840> car<00:04:22.110> adds<00:04:22.470> to<00:04:23.310> the<00:04:23.460> GDI<00:04:24.200> this<00:04:25.200> is 00:04:25.340 --> 00:04:25.350 align:start position:0% consuming a car adds to the GDI this is 00:04:25.350 --> 00:04:27.580 align:start position:0% consuming a car adds to the GDI this is about<00:04:25.530> 60,000<00:04:26.370> pounds<00:04:26.640> worth<00:04:26.790> of<00:04:26.940> motor<00:04:27.150> car 00:04:27.580 --> 00:04:27.590 align:start position:0% about 60,000 pounds worth of motor car 00:04:27.590 --> 00:04:32.360 align:start position:0% about 60,000 pounds worth of motor car now<00:04:28.590> want<00:04:28.770> that<00:04:28.970> 60,000<00:04:29.970> about<00:04:31.160> 20,000<00:04:32.160> say 00:04:32.360 --> 00:04:32.370 align:start position:0% now want that 60,000 about 20,000 say 00:04:32.370 --> 00:04:34.190 align:start position:0% now want that 60,000 about 20,000 say went<00:04:32.790> on<00:04:32.940> buying<00:04:33.330> inputs<00:04:33.840> from<00:04:33.990> other 00:04:34.190 --> 00:04:34.200 align:start position:0% went on buying inputs from other 00:04:34.200 --> 00:04:36.920 align:start position:0% went on buying inputs from other industries<00:04:34.820> Bastille<00:04:35.820> the<00:04:36.300> rubber<00:04:36.540> the 00:04:36.920 --> 00:04:36.930 align:start position:0% industries Bastille the rubber the 00:04:36.930 --> 00:04:40.940 align:start position:0% industries Bastille the rubber the leather<00:04:38.660> so<00:04:39.660> what<00:04:39.870> they<00:04:40.020> did<00:04:40.080> was<00:04:40.320> to<00:04:40.680> add 00:04:40.940 --> 00:04:40.950 align:start position:0% leather so what they did was to add 00:04:40.950 --> 00:04:45.860 align:start position:0% leather so what they did was to add value<00:04:40.980> of<00:04:41.940> 40,000<00:04:42.630> pounds<00:04:44.420> what<00:04:45.420> do<00:04:45.480> they<00:04:45.600> do 00:04:45.860 --> 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position:0% payments some of it was profits to the 00:04:56.280 --> 00:04:58.760 align:start position:0% payments some of it was profits to the company<00:04:56.700> which<00:04:57.150> was<00:04:57.360> distributed<00:04:57.810> to<00:04:58.650> the 00:04:58.760 --> 00:04:58.770 align:start position:0% company which was distributed to the 00:04:58.770 --> 00:05:00.350 align:start position:0% company which was distributed to the shareholders<00:04:59.010> in<00:04:59.550> the<00:04:59.640> form<00:04:59.850> of<00:04:59.940> dividends 00:05:00.350 --> 00:05:00.360 align:start position:0% shareholders in the form of dividends 00:05:00.360 --> 00:05:03.950 align:start position:0% shareholders in the form of dividends and<00:05:00.540> so<00:05:00.720> on<00:05:00.920> in<00:05:01.920> other<00:05:02.070> words<00:05:02.340> all<00:05:03.180> of<00:05:03.810> the 00:05:03.950 --> 00:05:03.960 align:start position:0% and so on in other words all of the 00:05:03.960 --> 00:05:07.730 align:start position:0% and so on in other words all of the value<00:05:04.440> added<00:05:05.300> represents<00:05:06.300> somebody's<00:05:07.050> income 00:05:07.730 --> 00:05:07.740 align:start position:0% value added represents somebody's income 00:05:07.740 --> 00:05:11.000 align:start position:0% value added represents somebody's income the<00:05:08.730> national<00:05:09.210> product<00:05:09.600> is<00:05:10.010> identically 00:05:11.000 --> 00:05:11.010 align:start position:0% the national product is identically 00:05:11.010 --> 00:05:14.390 align:start position:0% the national product is identically equal<00:05:11.040> to<00:05:12.000> the<00:05:12.120> national<00:05:12.510> income<00:05:13.280> there<00:05:14.280> are 00:05:14.390 --> 00:05:14.400 align:start position:0% equal to the national income there are 00:05:14.400 --> 00:05:16.580 align:start position:0% equal to the national income there are many<00:05:14.610> problems<00:05:14.970> with<00:05:15.330> using<00:05:15.570> GDI<00:05:16.230> as<00:05:16.560> a 00:05:16.580 --> 00:05:16.590 align:start position:0% many problems with using GDI as a 00:05:16.590 --> 00:05:19.490 align:start position:0% many problems with using GDI as a measure<00:05:16.950> of<00:05:17.070> well-being<00:05:17.960> but<00:05:18.960> some<00:05:19.290> of<00:05:19.410> the 00:05:19.490 --> 00:05:19.500 align:start position:0% measure of well-being but some of the 00:05:19.500 --> 00:05:22.760 align:start position:0% measure of well-being but some of the main<00:05:19.650> ones<00:05:19.950> of<00:05:20.160> these<00:05:20.280> first<00:05:21.230> it<00:05:22.230> often<00:05:22.410> fails 00:05:22.760 --> 00:05:22.770 align:start position:0% main ones of these first it often fails 00:05:22.770 --> 00:05:24.380 align:start position:0% main ones of these first it often fails to<00:05:23.010> pick<00:05:23.160> up<00:05:23.280> the<00:05:23.430> problems<00:05:23.850> created<00:05:24.060> by 00:05:24.380 --> 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conventional GDR estimates second GDI / head<00:05:34.919> gives<00:05:35.669> us<00:05:35.820> a<00:05:35.940> mean<00:05:36.300> average<00:05:36.720> standard<00:05:37.560> of 00:05:37.700 --> 00:05:37.710 align:start position:0% head gives us a mean average standard of 00:05:37.710 --> 00:05:41.210 align:start position:0% head gives us a mean average standard of living<00:05:38.419> the<00:05:39.419> modal<00:05:39.930> living<00:05:40.350> standard<00:05:40.919> in<00:05:41.040> most 00:05:41.210 --> 00:05:41.220 align:start position:0% living the modal living standard in most 00:05:41.220 --> 00:05:43.909 align:start position:0% living the modal living standard in most countries<00:05:41.550> is<00:05:41.940> way<00:05:42.210> below<00:05:42.450> this<00:05:42.840> with<00:05:43.590> many 00:05:43.909 --> 00:05:43.919 align:start position:0% countries is way below this with many 00:05:43.919 --> 00:05:46.310 align:start position:0% countries is way below this with many living<00:05:44.310> in<00:05:44.430> poverty<00:05:44.820> what<00:05:45.660> others<00:05:46.020> are<00:05:46.110> very 00:05:46.310 --> 00:05:46.320 align:start position:0% living in poverty what others are very 00:05:46.320 --> 00:05:49.550 align:start position:0% living in poverty what others are very comfortably<00:05:46.860> off<00:05:47.130> the<00:05:48.350> extent<00:05:49.350> to<00:05:49.410> this 00:05:49.550 --> 00:05:49.560 align:start position:0% comfortably off the extent to this 00:05:49.560 --> 00:05:50.930 align:start position:0% comfortably off the extent to this problem<00:05:49.800> varies<00:05:50.280> considerably<00:05:50.490> between 00:05:50.930 --> 00:05:50.940 align:start position:0% problem varies considerably between 00:05:50.940 --> 00:05:53.180 align:start position:0% problem varies considerably between countries<00:05:51.510> and<00:05:51.870> we'll<00:05:52.260> explore<00:05:52.770> the<00:05:53.010> issue 00:05:53.180 --> 00:05:53.190 align:start position:0% countries and we'll explore the issue 00:05:53.190 --> 00:05:55.519 align:start position:0% countries and we'll explore the issue more<00:05:53.490> fully<00:05:53.760> in<00:05:53.940> a<00:05:54.030> later<00:05:54.240> film 00:05:55.519 --> 00:05:55.529 align:start position:0% more fully in a later film 00:05:55.529 --> 00:06:00.019 align:start position:0% more fully in a later film a<00:05:57.409> third<00:05:58.409> problem<00:05:58.679> is<00:05:58.949> the<00:05:59.099> existence<00:05:59.399> in<00:05:59.819> some 00:06:00.019 --> 00:06:00.029 align:start position:0% a third problem is the existence in some 00:06:00.029 --> 00:06:02.689 align:start position:0% a third problem is the existence in some societies<00:06:00.239> of<00:06:00.839> a<00:06:01.229> substantial<00:06:02.039> nan<00:06:02.399> market 00:06:02.689 --> 00:06:02.699 align:start position:0% societies of a substantial nan market 00:06:02.699 --> 00:06:07.069 align:start position:0% societies of a substantial nan market economy<00:06:04.999> subsistence<00:06:05.999> agriculture<00:06:06.509> in<00:06:06.869> many 00:06:07.069 --> 00:06:07.079 align:start position:0% economy subsistence agriculture in many 00:06:07.079 --> 00:06:09.169 align:start position:0% economy subsistence agriculture in many less<00:06:07.349> developed<00:06:07.649> economies<00:06:08.309> means<00:06:08.999> that 00:06:09.169 --> 00:06:09.179 align:start position:0% less developed economies means that 00:06:09.179 --> 00:06:10.879 align:start position:0% less developed economies means that people<00:06:09.419> live<00:06:09.749> at<00:06:09.839> a<00:06:09.929> higher<00:06:10.199> standard<00:06:10.589> of 00:06:10.879 --> 00:06:10.889 align:start position:0% people live at a higher standard of 00:06:10.889 --> 00:06:13.809 align:start position:0% people live at a higher standard of living<00:06:11.069> than<00:06:11.339> implied<00:06:12.029> by<00:06:12.269> the<00:06:12.329> GDI<00:06:12.809> figures 00:06:13.809 --> 00:06:13.819 align:start position:0% living than implied by the GDI figures 00:06:13.819 --> 00:06:17.479 align:start position:0% living than implied by the GDI figures such<00:06:14.819> subsistence<00:06:15.629> output<00:06:16.139> doesn't<00:06:16.919> appear 00:06:17.479 --> 00:06:17.489 align:start position:0% such subsistence output doesn't appear 00:06:17.489 --> 00:06:21.199 align:start position:0% such subsistence output doesn't appear in<00:06:17.519> the<00:06:17.789> national<00:06:18.209> accounts<00:06:19.459> the<00:06:20.459> simple<00:06:20.849> GDI 00:06:21.199 --> 00:06:21.209 align:start position:0% in the national accounts the simple GDI 00:06:21.209 --> 00:06:23.809 align:start position:0% in the national accounts the simple GDI measure<00:06:21.599> doesn't<00:06:22.559> tell<00:06:22.769> you<00:06:22.889> the<00:06:23.069> kind<00:06:23.519> of 00:06:23.809 --> 00:06:23.819 align:start position:0% measure doesn't tell you the kind of 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people's<00:06:33.959> lives<00:06:34.379> and 00:06:34.639 --> 00:06:34.649 align:start position:0% further enhance people's lives and 00:06:34.649 --> 00:06:37.639 align:start position:0% further enhance people's lives and well-being<00:06:35.569> or<00:06:36.569> it<00:06:36.809> can<00:06:36.959> be<00:06:37.049> used<00:06:37.259> to<00:06:37.469> fight 00:06:37.639 --> 00:06:37.649 align:start position:0% well-being or it can be used to fight 00:06:37.649 --> 00:06:40.489 align:start position:0% well-being or it can be used to fight wars<00:06:38.089> build<00:06:39.089> weapons<00:06:39.449> of<00:06:39.839> mass<00:06:40.049> destruction 00:06:40.489 --> 00:06:40.499 align:start position:0% wars build weapons of mass destruction 00:06:40.499 --> 00:06:45.109 align:start position:0% wars build weapons of mass destruction and<00:06:41.309> the<00:06:41.759> traffic<00:06:42.059> of<00:06:42.389> people<00:06:42.809> and<00:06:42.989> drugs<00:06:44.119> it's 00:06:45.109 --> 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align:start position:0% imperfections have become more important over<00:06:51.539> time<00:06:51.779> we<00:06:52.139> don't<00:06:52.259> you<00:06:52.529> measure<00:06:53.339> the<00:06:53.759> time 00:06:53.989 --> 00:06:53.999 align:start position:0% over time we don't you measure the time 00:06:53.999 --> 00:06:56.149 align:start position:0% over time we don't you measure the time that<00:06:54.239> people<00:06:54.389> spend<00:06:54.569> outside<00:06:55.109> of<00:06:55.559> working<00:06:55.919> for 00:06:56.149 --> 00:06:56.159 align:start position:0% that people spend outside of working for 00:06:56.159 --> 00:06:58.999 align:start position:0% that people spend outside of working for income<00:06:56.939> it's<00:06:57.929> always<00:06:58.169> been<00:06:58.289> true<00:06:58.679> that<00:06:58.949> a 00:06:58.999 --> 00:06:59.009 align:start position:0% income it's always been true that a 00:06:59.009 --> 00:07:01.369 align:start position:0% income it's always been true that a large<00:06:59.309> part<00:06:59.759> of<00:06:59.879> our<00:06:59.999> time<00:07:00.419> majority<00:07:01.199> of<00:07:01.229> our 00:07:01.369 --> 00:07:01.379 align:start position:0% large part of our time majority of our 00:07:01.379 --> 00:07:03.709 align:start position:0% large part of our time majority of our time<00:07:01.469> is<00:07:01.949> spent<00:07:02.039> not<00:07:02.610> working<00:07:02.969> for<00:07:03.149> income<00:07:03.509> but 00:07:03.709 --> 00:07:03.719 align:start position:0% time is spent not working for income but 00:07:03.719 --> 00:07:06.079 align:start position:0% time is spent not working for income but spent<00:07:04.110> it<00:07:04.229> leisure<00:07:04.469> activities<00:07:05.129> taking<00:07:05.489> care 00:07:06.079 --> 00:07:06.089 align:start position:0% spent it leisure activities taking care 00:07:06.089 --> 00:07:08.479 align:start position:0% spent it leisure activities taking care of<00:07:06.119> a<00:07:06.299> family<00:07:07.159> cleaning<00:07:08.159> a<00:07:08.249> house 00:07:08.479 --> 00:07:08.489 align:start position:0% of a family cleaning a house 00:07:08.489 --> 00:07:11.089 align:start position:0% of a family cleaning a house conversations<00:07:09.299> even<00:07:10.199> taking<00:07:10.919> care<00:07:11.069> of 00:07:11.089 --> 00:07:11.099 align:start position:0% conversations even taking care of 00:07:11.099 --> 00:07:13.369 align:start position:0% conversations even taking care of children<00:07:11.219> etc<00:07:11.809> another<00:07:12.809> thing<00:07:13.169> we<00:07:13.259> don't 00:07:13.369 --> 00:07:13.379 align:start position:0% children etc another thing we don't 00:07:13.379 --> 00:07:14.839 align:start position:0% children etc another thing we don't measure<00:07:13.619> national<00:07:14.159> income<00:07:14.249> accounts 00:07:14.839 --> 00:07:14.849 align:start position:0% measure national income accounts 00:07:14.849 --> 00:07:18.409 align:start position:0% measure national income accounts people's<00:07:15.509> increase<00:07:15.959> longevity<00:07:16.519> of<00:07:17.519> course<00:07:18.269> we 00:07:18.409 --> 00:07:18.419 align:start position:0% people's increase longevity of course we 00:07:18.419 --> 00:07:19.969 align:start position:0% people's increase longevity of course we measure<00:07:18.659> the<00:07:18.929> income<00:07:19.319> if<00:07:19.439> they're<00:07:19.619> working 00:07:19.969 --> 00:07:19.979 align:start position:0% measure the income if they're working 00:07:19.979 --> 00:07:21.350 align:start position:0% measure the income if they're working longer<00:07:20.249> and<00:07:20.429> they're<00:07:20.699> getting<00:07:20.939> more<00:07:21.059> income 00:07:21.350 --> 00:07:21.360 align:start position:0% longer and they're getting more income 00:07:21.360 --> 00:07:23.269 align:start position:0% longer and they're getting more income that<00:07:21.509> comes<00:07:21.719> in<00:07:22.019> the<00:07:22.409> fact<00:07:22.649> that<00:07:22.769> people<00:07:23.099> put 00:07:23.269 --> 00:07:23.279 align:start position:0% that comes in the fact that people put 00:07:23.279 --> 00:07:26.029 align:start position:0% that comes in the fact that people put an<00:07:23.459> enormous<00:07:23.729> value<00:07:24.209> on<00:07:24.689> living<00:07:25.589> longer<00:07:25.829> and 00:07:26.029 --> 00:07:26.039 align:start position:0% an enormous value on living longer and 00:07:26.039 --> 00:07:28.069 align:start position:0% an enormous value on living longer and having<00:07:26.369> higher<00:07:26.549> quality<00:07:27.149> lives<00:07:27.629> and<00:07:27.989> that 00:07:28.069 --> 00:07:28.079 align:start position:0% having higher quality lives and that 00:07:28.079 --> 00:07:30.049 align:start position:0% having higher quality lives and that this<00:07:28.379> has<00:07:28.559> changed<00:07:28.589> so<00:07:29.219> much<00:07:29.459> in<00:07:29.789> all 00:07:30.049 --> 00:07:30.059 align:start position:0% this has changed so much in all 00:07:30.059 --> 00:07:32.329 align:start position:0% this has changed so much in all countries<00:07:30.329> of<00:07:30.629> the<00:07:30.659> world<00:07:30.869> during<00:07:31.439> the<00:07:31.769> last 00:07:32.329 --> 00:07:32.339 align:start position:0% countries of the world during the last 00:07:32.339 --> 00:07:35.389 align:start position:0% countries of the world during the last century<00:07:32.899> and<00:07:33.899> still<00:07:34.079> changing<00:07:34.709> that<00:07:35.159> we<00:07:35.279> don't 00:07:35.389 --> 00:07:35.399 align:start position:0% century and still changing that we don't 00:07:35.399 --> 00:07:37.489 align:start position:0% century and still changing that we don't measure<00:07:35.729> these<00:07:36.569> are<00:07:36.749> just<00:07:36.869> a<00:07:37.019> couple<00:07:37.319> of 00:07:37.489 --> 00:07:37.499 align:start position:0% measure these are just a couple of 00:07:37.499 --> 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these<00:07:45.270> problems<00:07:45.630> with<00:07:45.990> conventional<00:07:46.770> GDI 00:07:47.240 --> 00:07:47.250 align:start position:0% these problems with conventional GDI 00:07:47.250 --> 00:07:50.000 align:start position:0% these problems with conventional GDI estimates<00:07:47.940> a<00:07:48.090> relatively<00:07:48.750> new<00:07:49.080> measure<00:07:49.380> the 00:07:50.000 --> 00:07:50.010 align:start position:0% estimates a relatively new measure the 00:07:50.010 --> 00:07:53.060 align:start position:0% estimates a relatively new measure the Human<00:07:50.430> Development<00:07:50.580> Index<00:07:51.150> or<00:07:51.660> HD<00:07:52.590> I<00:07:52.620> was 00:07:53.060 --> 00:07:53.070 align:start position:0% Human Development Index or HD I was 00:07:53.070 --> 00:07:56.120 align:start position:0% Human Development Index or HD I was launched<00:07:53.520> in<00:07:53.669> 1990<00:07:54.500> it's<00:07:55.500> commissioned<00:07:56.010> by 00:07:56.120 --> 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back<00:08:12.570> at<00:08:12.780> the<00:08:12.930> center<00:08:13.350> of<00:08:13.380> the 00:08:13.610 --> 00:08:13.620 align:start position:0% putting people back at the center of the 00:08:13.620 --> 00:08:15.770 align:start position:0% putting people back at the center of the development<00:08:14.190> process<00:08:14.340> rather<00:08:15.300> than<00:08:15.510> the 00:08:15.770 --> 00:08:15.780 align:start position:0% development process rather than the 00:08:15.780 --> 00:08:18.560 align:start position:0% development process rather than the market<00:08:16.490> it's<00:08:17.490> great<00:08:17.820> claim<00:08:18.210> as<00:08:18.450> an 00:08:18.560 --> 00:08:18.570 align:start position:0% market it's great claim as an 00:08:18.570 --> 00:08:20.540 align:start position:0% market it's great claim as an improvement<00:08:18.990> to<00:08:19.229> GDI<00:08:19.710> as<00:08:20.040> a<00:08:20.070> measure<00:08:20.430> of 00:08:20.540 --> 00:08:20.550 align:start position:0% improvement to GDI as a measure of 00:08:20.550 --> 00:08:23.210 align:start position:0% improvement to GDI as a measure of welfare<00:08:21.150> is<00:08:21.389> that<00:08:22.110> it's<00:08:22.260> a<00:08:22.410> composite<00:08:23.010> measure 00:08:23.210 --> 00:08:23.220 align:start position:0% welfare is that it's a composite measure 00:08:23.220 --> 00:08:26.690 align:start position:0% welfare is that it's a composite measure looking<00:08:24.150> at<00:08:24.300> health<00:08:24.600> and<00:08:25.070> education<00:08:26.070> as<00:08:26.220> well 00:08:26.690 --> 00:08:26.700 align:start position:0% looking at health and education as well 00:08:26.700 --> 00:08:29.210 align:start position:0% looking at health and education as well as<00:08:26.850> income<00:08:27.210> so<00:08:27.870> it<00:08:28.020> measures<00:08:28.260> progress<00:08:28.979> by 00:08:29.210 --> 00:08:29.220 align:start position:0% as income so it measures progress by 00:08:29.220 --> 00:08:31.909 align:start position:0% as income so it measures progress by using<00:08:29.520> a<00:08:29.760> concept<00:08:30.270> of<00:08:30.540> development<00:08:31.440> much 00:08:31.909 --> 00:08:31.919 align:start position:0% using a concept of development much 00:08:31.919 --> 00:08:35.959 align:start position:0% using a concept of development much broader<00:08:32.370> than<00:08:32.880> that<00:08:33.180> allowed<00:08:33.630> by<00:08:33.870> the<00:08:33.930> GDP<00:08:34.969> in 00:08:35.959 --> 00:08:35.969 align:start position:0% broader than that allowed by the GDP in 00:08:35.969 --> 00:08:38.240 align:start position:0% broader than that allowed by the GDP in a<00:08:36.150> moment<00:08:36.570> we'll<00:08:37.169> use<00:08:37.409> our<00:08:37.589> statistical 00:08:38.240 --> 00:08:38.250 align:start position:0% a moment we'll use our statistical 00:08:38.250 --> 00:08:42.680 align:start position:0% a moment we'll use our statistical knowledge<00:08:38.430> to<00:08:39.089> see<00:08:39.270> how<00:08:39.419> it's<00:08:39.599> calculated<00:08:41.690> the 00:08:42.680 --> 00:08:42.690 align:start position:0% knowledge to see how it's calculated the 00:08:42.690 --> 00:08:43.940 align:start position:0% knowledge to see how it's calculated the nice<00:08:42.839> thing<00:08:43.140> about<00:08:43.169> the<00:08:43.529> Human<00:08:43.830> Development 00:08:43.940 --> 00:08:43.950 align:start position:0% nice thing about the Human Development 00:08:43.950 --> 00:08:46.670 align:start position:0% nice thing about the Human Development Index<00:08:44.430> is<00:08:44.880> that<00:08:45.480> it's<00:08:45.630> simple<00:08:46.050> to<00:08:46.080> measure<00:08:46.410> and 00:08:46.670 --> 00:08:46.680 align:start position:0% Index is that it's simple to measure and 00:08:46.680 --> 00:08:49.820 align:start position:0% Index is that it's simple to measure and very<00:08:47.160> easy<00:08:47.370> to<00:08:47.520> understand<00:08:48.260> it<00:08:49.260> takes<00:08:49.530> a<00:08:49.650> value 00:08:49.820 --> 00:08:49.830 align:start position:0% very easy to understand it takes a value 00:08:49.830 --> 00:08:53.240 align:start position:0% very easy to understand it takes a value between<00:08:50.190> zero<00:08:50.820> and<00:08:50.910> one<00:08:51.120> where<00:08:51.900> zero<00:08:52.410> is<00:08:52.740> utter 00:08:53.240 --> 00:08:53.250 align:start position:0% between zero and one where zero is utter 00:08:53.250 --> 00:08:56.560 align:start position:0% between zero and one where zero is utter misery<00:08:53.880> and<00:08:54.330> one<00:08:55.080> is<00:08:55.290> some<00:08:55.530> kind<00:08:55.830> of<00:08:55.950> utopia 00:08:56.560 --> 00:08:56.570 align:start position:0% misery and one is some kind of utopia 00:08:56.570 --> 00:08:59.180 align:start position:0% misery and one is some kind of utopia not<00:08:57.570> only<00:08:57.720> does<00:08:57.990> the<00:08:58.170> index<00:08:58.320> vary<00:08:58.890> between 00:08:59.180 --> 00:08:59.190 align:start position:0% not only does the index vary between 00:08:59.190 --> 00:09:03.190 align:start position:0% not only does the index vary between countries<00:08:59.760> it<00:09:00.720> varies<00:09:01.200> over<00:09:01.350> time 00:09:03.190 --> 00:09:03.200 align:start position:0% countries it varies over time 00:09:03.200 --> 00:09:05.410 align:start position:0% countries it varies over time for<00:09:03.830> example<00:09:04.250> India<00:09:04.580> has<00:09:04.790> been<00:09:04.970> developing 00:09:05.410 --> 00:09:05.420 align:start position:0% for example India has been developing 00:09:05.420 --> 00:09:09.340 align:start position:0% for example India has been developing rapidly<00:09:05.660> and<00:09:06.080> moving<00:09:06.920> up<00:09:07.010> the<00:09:07.130> rankings<00:09:08.350> China 00:09:09.340 --> 00:09:09.350 align:start position:0% rapidly and moving up the rankings China 00:09:09.350 --> 00:09:11.830 align:start position:0% rapidly and moving up the rankings China too<00:09:09.620> has<00:09:09.860> developed<00:09:10.310> fast<00:09:10.580> it's<00:09:11.510> now<00:09:11.810> a 00:09:11.830 --> 00:09:11.840 align:start position:0% too has developed fast it's now a 00:09:11.840 --> 00:09:14.500 align:start position:0% too has developed fast it's now a country<00:09:12.500> moving<00:09:13.190> up<00:09:13.460> towards<00:09:13.940> the<00:09:14.120> middle<00:09:14.390> of 00:09:14.500 --> 00:09:14.510 align:start position:0% country moving up towards the middle of 00:09:14.510 --> 00:09:18.340 align:start position:0% country moving up towards the middle of the<00:09:14.720> HDI<00:09:15.350> rankings<00:09:16.450> so<00:09:17.450> let's<00:09:17.630> choose<00:09:17.960> China 00:09:18.340 --> 00:09:18.350 align:start position:0% the HDI rankings so let's choose China 00:09:18.350 --> 00:09:22.660 align:start position:0% the HDI rankings so let's choose China to<00:09:19.040> see<00:09:19.250> how<00:09:19.550> the<00:09:19.970> HDI<00:09:20.510> is<00:09:20.960> arrived<00:09:21.320> at<00:09:21.670> before 00:09:22.660 --> 00:09:22.670 align:start position:0% to see how the HDI is arrived at before 00:09:22.670 --> 00:09:25.180 align:start position:0% to see how the HDI is arrived at before we<00:09:22.760> do<00:09:22.910> so<00:09:23.180> we<00:09:23.390> have<00:09:23.660> to<00:09:23.780> be<00:09:23.810> clear<00:09:24.110> about<00:09:24.770> what 00:09:25.180 --> 00:09:25.190 align:start position:0% we do so we have to be clear about what 00:09:25.190 --> 00:09:28.630 align:start position:0% we do so we have to be clear about what we<00:09:25.370> mean<00:09:25.670> by<00:09:25.700> the<00:09:26.230> geometric<00:09:27.230> mean<00:09:27.460> which<00:09:28.460> is<00:09:28.490> a 00:09:28.630 --> 00:09:28.640 align:start position:0% we mean by the geometric mean which is a 00:09:28.640 --> 00:09:31.930 align:start position:0% we mean by the geometric mean which is a particular<00:09:29.120> kind<00:09:29.750> of<00:09:30.050> mean<00:09:30.440> average<00:09:30.940> which 00:09:31.930 --> 00:09:31.940 align:start position:0% particular kind of mean average which 00:09:31.940 --> 00:09:34.120 align:start position:0% particular kind of mean average which indicates<00:09:32.450> the<00:09:32.660> central<00:09:33.200> tendency<00:09:33.950> or 00:09:34.120 --> 00:09:34.130 align:start position:0% indicates the central tendency or 00:09:34.130 --> 00:09:38.920 align:start position:0% indicates the central tendency or typical<00:09:34.820> value<00:09:35.480> of<00:09:35.660> a<00:09:35.990> set<00:09:36.200> of<00:09:36.230> numbers<00:09:37.930> it's 00:09:38.920 --> 00:09:38.930 align:start position:0% typical value of a set of numbers it's 00:09:38.930 --> 00:09:43.060 align:start position:0% typical value of a set of numbers it's similar<00:09:39.320> to<00:09:39.710> the<00:09:40.190> arithmetic<00:09:40.730> mean<00:09:41.890> which<00:09:42.890> is 00:09:43.060 --> 00:09:43.070 align:start position:0% similar to the arithmetic mean which is 00:09:43.070 --> 00:09:44.770 align:start position:0% similar to the arithmetic mean which is what<00:09:43.250> most<00:09:43.520> people<00:09:43.910> think<00:09:43.940> of<00:09:44.300> with<00:09:44.510> the<00:09:44.600> word 00:09:44.770 --> 00:09:44.780 align:start position:0% what most people think of with the word 00:09:44.780 --> 00:09:48.280 align:start position:0% what most people think of with the word average<00:09:45.700> except<00:09:46.700> that<00:09:46.850> here<00:09:47.300> the<00:09:47.750> numbers<00:09:48.140> are 00:09:48.280 --> 00:09:48.290 align:start position:0% average except that here the numbers are 00:09:48.290 --> 00:09:52.870 align:start position:0% average except that here the numbers are multiplied<00:09:49.010> and<00:09:49.510> then<00:09:50.510> the<00:09:50.690> nth<00:09:50.930> root<00:09:51.590> where<00:09:52.580> n 00:09:52.870 --> 00:09:52.880 align:start position:0% multiplied and then the nth root where n 00:09:52.880 --> 00:09:54.880 align:start position:0% multiplied and then the nth root where n is<00:09:52.910> the<00:09:53.390> count<00:09:53.660> of<00:09:53.870> numbers<00:09:54.230> in<00:09:54.350> the<00:09:54.440> set<00:09:54.710> of 00:09:54.880 --> 00:09:54.890 align:start position:0% is the count of numbers in the set of 00:09:54.890 --> 00:09:58.030 align:start position:0% is the count of numbers in the set of the<00:09:55.520> resulting<00:09:56.000> product<00:09:56.390> is<00:09:56.540> taken<00:09:57.040> for 00:09:58.030 --> 00:09:58.040 align:start position:0% the resulting product is taken for 00:09:58.040 --> 00:10:00.850 align:start position:0% the resulting product is taken for instance<00:09:58.460> the<00:09:59.140> geometric<00:10:00.140> mean<00:10:00.410> of<00:10:00.440> two 00:10:00.850 --> 00:10:00.860 align:start position:0% instance the geometric mean of two 00:10:00.860 --> 00:10:04.270 align:start position:0% instance the geometric mean of two numbers<00:10:01.070> say<00:10:01.880> two<00:10:01.940> and<00:10:02.540> eight<00:10:02.770> it's<00:10:03.770> just<00:10:04.100> the 00:10:04.270 --> 00:10:04.280 align:start position:0% numbers say two and eight it's just the 00:10:04.280 --> 00:10:07.600 align:start position:0% numbers say two and eight it's just the square<00:10:04.910> root<00:10:05.270> of<00:10:05.420> their<00:10:05.570> product<00:10:06.050> that<00:10:06.500> is<00:10:06.610> we 00:10:07.600 --> 00:10:07.610 align:start position:0% square root of their product that is we 00:10:07.610 --> 00:10:10.510 align:start position:0% square root of their product that is we multiply<00:10:08.090> 2<00:10:08.150> times<00:10:08.450> 8<00:10:08.930> and<00:10:09.220> take<00:10:10.220> the<00:10:10.340> square 00:10:10.510 --> 00:10:10.520 align:start position:0% multiply 2 times 8 and take the square 00:10:10.520 --> 00:10:16.000 align:start position:0% multiply 2 times 8 and take the square root<00:10:11.020> to<00:10:12.020> give<00:10:12.170> us<00:10:12.320> 4<00:10:14.320> that's<00:10:15.320> another<00:10:15.560> example 00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:16.010 align:start position:0% root to give us 4 that's another example 00:10:16.010 --> 00:10:19.840 align:start position:0% root to give us 4 that's another example the<00:10:16.820> geometric<00:10:17.600> mean<00:10:17.930> of<00:10:17.980> the<00:10:18.980> three<00:10:19.370> numbers 00:10:19.840 --> 00:10:19.850 align:start position:0% the geometric mean of the three numbers 00:10:19.850 --> 00:10:26.740 align:start position:0% the geometric mean of the three numbers for<00:10:20.830> one<00:10:21.830> and<00:10:22.450> one<00:10:23.450> over<00:10:24.260> 32<00:10:24.740> is<00:10:25.270> the<00:10:26.270> cubed 00:10:26.740 --> 00:10:26.750 align:start position:0% for one and one over 32 is the cubed 00:10:26.750 --> 00:10:30.490 align:start position:0% for one and one over 32 is the cubed root of<00:10:27.260> their<00:10:27.440> product<00:10:29.110> which<00:10:30.110> would<00:10:30.320> give 00:10:30.490 --> 00:10:30.500 align:start position:0% root of their product which would give 00:10:30.500 --> 00:10:37.240 align:start position:0% root of their product which would give us<00:10:30.530> a<00:10:31.510> half<00:10:33.970> the<00:10:34.970> cubed<00:10:35.330> root<00:10:35.330> of<00:10:35.660> 4<00:10:36.440> times<00:10:36.920> 1 00:10:37.240 --> 00:10:37.250 align:start position:0% us a half the cubed root of 4 times 1 00:10:37.250 --> 00:10:47.290 align:start position:0% us a half the cubed root of 4 times 1 times<00:10:38.920> 1<00:10:39.920> over<00:10:39.950> 32<00:10:40.820> equals<00:10:41.750> a<00:10:42.320> half<00:10:46.030> now<00:10:47.030> we<00:10:47.090> can 00:10:47.290 --> 00:10:47.300 align:start position:0% times 1 over 32 equals a half now we can 00:10:47.300 --> 00:10:50.710 align:start position:0% times 1 over 32 equals a half now we can see<00:10:47.510> how<00:10:47.690> the<00:10:47.750> HDI<00:10:48.290> is<00:10:48.440> measured<00:10:49.450> the<00:10:50.450> first 00:10:50.710 --> 00:10:50.720 align:start position:0% see how the HDI is measured the first 00:10:50.720 --> 00:10:54.250 align:start position:0% see how the HDI is measured the first step<00:10:50.930> is<00:10:51.110> to<00:10:51.380> create<00:10:51.940> sub-indices<00:10:52.940> of<00:10:53.270> each<00:10:54.050> of 00:10:54.250 --> 00:10:54.260 align:start position:0% step is to create sub-indices of each of 00:10:54.260 --> 00:10:57.820 align:start position:0% step is to create sub-indices of each of the<00:10:54.380> dimensions<00:10:55.690> we<00:10:56.690> have<00:10:56.840> to<00:10:56.990> set<00:10:57.230> minimum 00:10:57.820 --> 00:10:57.830 align:start position:0% the dimensions we have to set minimum 00:10:57.830 --> 00:11:01.690 align:start position:0% the dimensions we have to set minimum and<00:10:58.310> maximum<00:10:58.630> values<00:10:59.630> or<00:11:00.320> goal<00:11:00.680> posts<00:11:01.250> in 00:11:01.690 --> 00:11:01.700 align:start position:0% and maximum values or goal posts in 00:11:01.700 --> 00:11:04.540 align:start position:0% and maximum values or goal posts in order<00:11:02.150> to<00:11:02.270> transform<00:11:02.870> the<00:11:03.110> indicators<00:11:03.800> in<00:11:03.980> two 00:11:04.540 --> 00:11:04.550 align:start position:0% order to transform the indicators in two 00:11:04.550 --> 00:11:08.260 align:start position:0% order to transform the indicators in two indices<00:11:05.060> between<00:11:05.570> naught<00:11:06.260> and<00:11:06.590> one 00:11:08.260 --> 00:11:08.270 align:start position:0% indices between naught and one 00:11:08.270 --> 00:11:10.600 align:start position:0% indices between naught and one once<00:11:08.990> we<00:11:09.170> have<00:11:09.350> the<00:11:09.500> minimum<00:11:09.770> and<00:11:10.160> the<00:11:10.580> maximum 00:11:10.600 --> 00:11:10.610 align:start position:0% once we have the minimum and the maximum 00:11:10.610 --> 00:11:14.760 align:start position:0% once we have the minimum and the maximum values<00:11:11.680> we<00:11:12.680> can<00:11:12.710> calculate<00:11:13.130> the<00:11:13.670> sub-indexes 00:11:14.760 --> 00:11:14.770 align:start position:0% values we can calculate the sub-indexes 00:11:14.770 --> 00:11:18.220 align:start position:0% values we can calculate the sub-indexes using<00:11:15.770> the<00:11:15.860> following<00:11:16.280> formula 00:11:18.220 --> 00:11:18.230 align:start position:0% using the following formula 00:11:18.230 --> 00:11:20.800 align:start position:0% using the following formula the<00:11:18.890> dimension<00:11:19.370> index<00:11:19.760> is<00:11:20.060> given<00:11:20.480> us<00:11:20.630> the 00:11:20.800 --> 00:11:20.810 align:start position:0% the dimension index is given us the 00:11:20.810 --> 00:11:25.320 align:start position:0% the dimension index is given us the actual<00:11:21.740> value<00:11:22.480> minus<00:11:23.480> the<00:11:23.840> minimum<00:11:24.050> value 00:11:25.320 --> 00:11:25.330 align:start position:0% actual value minus the minimum value 00:11:25.330 --> 00:11:28.360 align:start position:0% actual value minus the minimum value over<00:11:26.330> the<00:11:26.420> maximum<00:11:27.050> value<00:11:27.080> minus<00:11:27.830> the<00:11:28.160> minimum 00:11:28.360 --> 00:11:28.370 align:start position:0% over the maximum value minus the minimum 00:11:28.370 --> 00:11:31.060 align:start position:0% over the maximum value minus the minimum value 00:11:31.060 --> 00:11:31.070 align:start position:0% 00:11:31.070 --> 00:11:34.870 align:start position:0% and<00:11:31.160> then<00:11:31.820> the<00:11:31.940> actual<00:11:32.480> HDI<00:11:33.170> score<00:11:33.550> is<00:11:34.550> a 00:11:34.870 --> 00:11:34.880 align:start position:0% and then the actual HDI score is a 00:11:34.880 --> 00:11:38.470 align:start position:0% and then the actual HDI score is a geometric<00:11:35.570> mean<00:11:36.020> of<00:11:36.050> these<00:11:36.920> three<00:11:37.480> dimension 00:11:38.470 --> 00:11:38.480 align:start position:0% geometric mean of these three dimension 00:11:38.480 --> 00:11:45.240 align:start position:0% geometric mean of these three dimension indices<00:11:38.990> and<00:11:40.090> the<00:11:41.090> three<00:11:41.450> indices<00:11:42.410> are<00:11:43.690> life 00:11:45.240 --> 00:11:45.250 align:start position:0% indices and the three indices are life 00:11:45.250 --> 00:11:49.960 align:start position:0% indices and the three indices are life education<00:11:46.250> and<00:11:47.180> income<00:11:48.140> and<00:11:48.760> they<00:11:49.760> are 00:11:49.960 --> 00:11:49.970 align:start position:0% education and income and they are 00:11:49.970 --> 00:11:52.330 align:start position:0% education and income and they are equally<00:11:50.570> weighted<00:11:50.870> each<00:11:51.380> having<00:11:51.890> a<00:11:52.070> weight<00:11:52.310> of 00:11:52.330 --> 00:11:52.340 align:start position:0% equally weighted each having a weight of 00:11:52.340 --> 00:11:56.249 align:start position:0% equally weighted each having a weight of a<00:11:52.610> third 00:11:56.249 --> 00:11:56.259 align:start position:0% 00:11:56.259 --> 00:11:59.369 align:start position:0% the<00:11:56.919> minimum<00:11:57.489> values<00:11:57.970> are<00:11:58.179> set<00:11:58.359> at<00:11:58.509> 20<00:11:59.079> years 00:11:59.369 --> 00:11:59.379 align:start position:0% the minimum values are set at 20 years 00:11:59.379 --> 00:12:02.969 align:start position:0% the minimum values are set at 20 years for<00:11:59.649> life<00:11:59.889> expectancy<00:12:01.379> nought<00:12:02.379> for<00:12:02.410> both 00:12:02.969 --> 00:12:02.979 align:start position:0% for life expectancy nought for both 00:12:02.979 --> 00:12:07.199 align:start position:0% for life expectancy nought for both education<00:12:03.759> variables<00:12:04.329> and<00:12:05.220> a<00:12:06.220> hundred<00:12:07.149> and 00:12:07.199 --> 00:12:07.209 align:start position:0% education variables and a hundred and 00:12:07.209 --> 00:12:13.549 align:start position:0% education variables and a hundred and sixty<00:12:07.689> three<00:12:07.899> dollars<00:12:08.439> for<00:12:09.279> per<00:12:09.579> capita<00:12:10.410> gni 00:12:13.549 --> 00:12:13.559 align:start position:0% 00:12:13.559 --> 00:12:17.519 align:start position:0% the<00:12:14.559> maximum<00:12:15.220> values<00:12:15.669> are<00:12:16.359> set<00:12:16.749> to<00:12:16.959> the<00:12:17.079> actual 00:12:17.519 --> 00:12:17.529 align:start position:0% the maximum values are set to the actual 00:12:17.529 --> 00:12:20.009 align:start position:0% the maximum values are set to the actual observed<00:12:17.850> maximum<00:12:18.850> values<00:12:19.299> of<00:12:19.449> the<00:12:19.539> indicator 00:12:20.009 --> 00:12:20.019 align:start position:0% observed maximum values of the indicator 00:12:20.019 --> 00:12:22.400 align:start position:0% observed maximum values of the indicator in<00:12:20.319> whatever<00:12:20.769> country<00:12:21.129> they<00:12:21.339> happen<00:12:21.819> to<00:12:21.850> be 00:12:22.400 --> 00:12:22.410 align:start position:0% in whatever country they happen to be 00:12:22.410 --> 00:12:26.500 align:start position:0% in whatever country they happen to be let's<00:12:23.410> see<00:12:23.589> how<00:12:23.709> that<00:12:23.769> works<00:12:23.919> out<00:12:24.429> for<00:12:24.669> China 00:12:26.500 --> 00:12:26.510 align:start position:0% let's see how that works out for China 00:12:26.510 --> 00:12:32.700 align:start position:0% let's see how that works out for China the<00:12:27.170> table<00:12:27.620> shows<00:12:27.830> the<00:12:28.430> Chinese<00:12:29.740> indicators 00:12:32.700 --> 00:12:32.710 align:start position:0% the table shows the Chinese indicators 00:12:32.710 --> 00:12:35.280 align:start position:0% the table shows the Chinese indicators now<00:12:33.310> the<00:12:33.370> first<00:12:33.730> step<00:12:33.940> is<00:12:34.270> to<00:12:34.450> calculate<00:12:34.630> the 00:12:35.280 --> 00:12:35.290 align:start position:0% now the first step is to calculate the 00:12:35.290 --> 00:12:39.300 align:start position:0% now the first step is to calculate the life<00:12:36.130> dimension<00:12:36.910> index<00:12:37.560> and<00:12:38.560> the<00:12:38.590> life 00:12:39.300 --> 00:12:39.310 align:start position:0% life dimension index and the life 00:12:39.310 --> 00:12:45.120 align:start position:0% life dimension index and the life expectancy<00:12:40.000> index<00:12:40.810> is<00:12:42.810> 73.5<00:12:43.810> as<00:12:44.170> you<00:12:44.800> can<00:12:44.980> see 00:12:45.120 --> 00:12:45.130 align:start position:0% expectancy index is 73.5 as you can see 00:12:45.130 --> 00:12:49.200 align:start position:0% expectancy index is 73.5 as you can see in<00:12:45.280> the<00:12:45.370> table<00:12:45.760> for<00:12:45.910> China<00:12:46.800> minus<00:12:47.800> 20<00:12:48.280> the 00:12:49.200 --> 00:12:49.210 align:start position:0% in the table for China minus 20 the 00:12:49.210 --> 00:12:56.760 align:start position:0% in the table for China minus 20 the minimum<00:12:49.630> value<00:12:51.120> over<00:12:53.640> 83.2<00:12:55.380> which<00:12:56.380> is<00:12:56.590> the 00:12:56.760 --> 00:12:56.770 align:start position:0% minimum value over 83.2 which is the 00:12:56.770 --> 00:13:00.030 align:start position:0% minimum value over 83.2 which is the observed<00:12:57.330> maximum<00:12:58.330> value<00:12:58.840> which<00:12:59.770> in<00:12:59.950> this 00:13:00.030 --> 00:13:00.040 align:start position:0% observed maximum value which in this 00:13:00.040 --> 00:13:03.750 align:start position:0% observed maximum value which in this case<00:13:00.100> happens<00:13:00.730> to<00:13:00.820> be<00:13:01.060> for<00:13:01.330> Japan<00:13:02.760> minus 00:13:03.750 --> 00:13:03.760 align:start position:0% case happens to be for Japan minus 00:13:03.760 --> 00:13:08.260 align:start position:0% case happens to be for Japan minus twenty<00:13:04.600> our<00:13:05.130> minimum<00:13:06.130> value 00:13:08.260 --> 00:13:08.270 align:start position:0% twenty our minimum value 00:13:08.270 --> 00:13:10.600 align:start position:0% twenty our minimum value and<00:13:08.360> if<00:13:09.080> we<00:13:09.200> work<00:13:09.410> that<00:13:09.590> out<00:13:09.650> it<00:13:10.100> gives<00:13:10.400> us 00:13:10.600 --> 00:13:10.610 align:start position:0% and if we work that out it gives us 00:13:10.610 --> 00:13:16.519 align:start position:0% and if we work that out it gives us naught<00:13:11.570> point<00:13:12.250> 847<00:13:13.250> for<00:13:14.030> China 00:13:16.519 --> 00:13:16.529 align:start position:0% 00:13:16.529 --> 00:13:19.900 align:start position:0% now<00:13:16.829> step<00:13:17.100> two<00:13:17.129> is<00:13:17.639> to<00:13:17.699> calculate<00:13:18.300> the 00:13:19.900 --> 00:13:19.910 align:start position:0% now step two is to calculate the 00:13:19.910 --> 00:13:23.840 align:start position:0% now step two is to calculate the education<00:13:20.910> dimension<00:13:21.540> index<00:13:22.550> let's<00:13:23.550> see<00:13:23.730> how 00:13:23.840 --> 00:13:23.850 align:start position:0% education dimension index let's see how 00:13:23.850 --> 00:13:27.170 align:start position:0% education dimension index let's see how we<00:13:23.910> do<00:13:24.180> that<00:13:24.889> we<00:13:25.889> take<00:13:26.100> first<00:13:26.370> of<00:13:26.519> all<00:13:26.670> the<00:13:26.850> mean 00:13:27.170 --> 00:13:27.180 align:start position:0% we do that we take first of all the mean 00:13:27.180 --> 00:13:33.249 align:start position:0% we do that we take first of all the mean years<00:13:27.810> of<00:13:27.870> schooling<00:13:28.410> index<00:13:29.310> which<00:13:30.240> is<00:13:31.699> 7.5 00:13:33.249 --> 00:13:33.259 align:start position:0% years of schooling index which is 7.5 00:13:33.259 --> 00:13:36.549 align:start position:0% years of schooling index which is 7.5 the<00:13:34.259> Chinese<00:13:34.709> value<00:13:35.129> showed<00:13:35.370> in<00:13:35.519> the<00:13:35.610> table 00:13:36.549 --> 00:13:36.559 align:start position:0% the Chinese value showed in the table 00:13:36.559 --> 00:13:43.030 align:start position:0% the Chinese value showed in the table minus<00:13:37.559> 0<00:13:38.629> /<00:13:40.100> 13.2<00:13:41.180> which<00:13:42.180> is<00:13:42.360> the<00:13:42.540> observed 00:13:43.030 --> 00:13:43.040 align:start position:0% minus 0 / 13.2 which is the observed 00:13:43.040 --> 00:13:45.920 align:start position:0% minus 0 / 13.2 which is the observed maximum<00:13:44.040> value<00:13:44.490> which<00:13:44.850> in<00:13:44.999> this<00:13:45.089> case<00:13:45.149> happens 00:13:45.920 --> 00:13:45.930 align:start position:0% maximum value which in this case happens 00:13:45.930 --> 00:13:50.190 align:start position:0% maximum value which in this case happens to<00:13:45.990> be<00:13:46.259> for<00:13:46.470> the<00:13:46.529> USA<00:13:47.540> minus<00:13:48.540> 0 00:13:50.190 --> 00:13:50.200 align:start position:0% to be for the USA minus 0 00:13:50.200 --> 00:13:56.520 align:start position:0% to be for the USA minus 0 which<00:13:50.920> gives<00:13:51.330> no<00:13:52.330> point<00:13:52.660> five<00:13:52.900> six<00:13:53.230> eight<00:13:55.530> now 00:13:56.520 --> 00:13:56.530 align:start position:0% which gives no point five six eight now 00:13:56.530 --> 00:13:58.860 align:start position:0% which gives no point five six eight now we<00:13:56.590> need<00:13:56.710> the<00:13:57.000> expected<00:13:58.000> years<00:13:58.330> of<00:13:58.570> schooling 00:13:58.860 --> 00:13:58.870 align:start position:0% we need the expected years of schooling 00:13:58.870 --> 00:14:06.050 align:start position:0% we need the expected years of schooling index<00:13:59.640> which<00:14:00.640> is<00:14:02.340> 11.4<00:14:03.340> for<00:14:03.640> China<00:14:04.110> minus<00:14:05.110> zero 00:14:06.050 --> 00:14:06.060 align:start position:0% index which is 11.4 for China minus zero 00:14:06.060 --> 00:14:11.310 align:start position:0% index which is 11.4 for China minus zero over<00:14:07.230> 20.6<00:14:08.310> the<00:14:09.310> observed<00:14:09.790> maximum<00:14:10.600> which<00:14:11.140> in 00:14:11.310 --> 00:14:11.320 align:start position:0% over 20.6 the observed maximum which in 00:14:11.320 --> 00:14:17.550 align:start position:0% over 20.6 the observed maximum which in this<00:14:11.410> case<00:14:11.470> is<00:14:12.240> Australia<00:14:13.800> minus<00:14:14.800> zero<00:14:16.560> which 00:14:17.550 --> 00:14:17.560 align:start position:0% this case is Australia minus zero which 00:14:17.560 --> 00:14:22.800 align:start position:0% this case is Australia minus zero which gives<00:14:17.830> us<00:14:17.980> nor<00:14:18.550> point<00:14:18.820> 553<00:14:21.180> now<00:14:22.180> we<00:14:22.240> work<00:14:22.570> out 00:14:22.800 --> 00:14:22.810 align:start position:0% gives us nor point 553 now we work out 00:14:22.810 --> 00:14:26.280 align:start position:0% gives us nor point 553 now we work out the<00:14:22.840> education<00:14:23.740> dimension<00:14:24.340> index<00:14:25.080> which<00:14:26.080> we 00:14:26.280 --> 00:14:26.290 align:start position:0% the education dimension index which we 00:14:26.290 --> 00:14:31.530 align:start position:0% the education dimension index which we find<00:14:26.680> by<00:14:27.040> taking<00:14:27.610> nor<00:14:27.970> point<00:14:28.240> 5<00:14:28.450> 6<00:14:28.810> 8<00:14:29.520> x<00:14:30.540> naught 00:14:31.530 --> 00:14:31.540 align:start position:0% find by taking nor point 5 6 8 x naught 00:14:31.540 --> 00:14:36.060 align:start position:0% find by taking nor point 5 6 8 x naught point<00:14:31.750> 5<00:14:32.020> 53<00:14:32.860> and<00:14:34.200> now<00:14:35.200> we<00:14:35.260> take<00:14:35.530> the<00:14:35.800> square 00:14:36.060 --> 00:14:36.070 align:start position:0% point 5 53 and now we take the square 00:14:36.070 --> 00:14:39.180 align:start position:0% point 5 53 and now we take the square root<00:14:36.190> of<00:14:36.610> that 00:14:39.180 --> 00:14:39.190 align:start position:0% 00:14:39.190 --> 00:14:43.980 align:start position:0% so<00:14:39.640> we<00:14:39.730> then<00:14:39.850> take<00:14:40.030> that<00:14:40.210> value<00:14:40.420> minus<00:14:40.990> 0<00:14:41.940> /<00:14:42.990> nor 00:14:43.980 --> 00:14:43.990 align:start position:0% so we then take that value minus 0 / nor 00:14:43.990 --> 00:14:48.300 align:start position:0% so we then take that value minus 0 / nor point<00:14:44.350> 9<00:14:44.920> 51<00:14:45.690> which<00:14:46.690> is<00:14:46.900> the<00:14:47.050> observed<00:14:47.530> maximum 00:14:48.300 --> 00:14:48.310 align:start position:0% point 9 51 which is the observed maximum 00:14:48.310 --> 00:14:50.280 align:start position:0% point 9 51 which is the observed maximum value<00:14:48.730> which<00:14:48.940> in<00:14:49.120> that<00:14:49.270> case<00:14:49.330> happens<00:14:49.990> to<00:14:50.080> be 00:14:50.280 --> 00:14:50.290 align:start position:0% value which in that case happens to be 00:14:50.290 --> 00:14:55.090 align:start position:0% value which in that case happens to be New<00:14:50.500> Zealand<00:14:51.960> minus<00:14:52.960> zero 00:14:55.090 --> 00:14:55.100 align:start position:0% New Zealand minus zero 00:14:55.100 --> 00:14:57.610 align:start position:0% New Zealand minus zero which<00:14:55.760> gives<00:14:56.090> us<00:14:56.270> an<00:14:56.450> education<00:14:57.110> dimension 00:14:57.610 --> 00:14:57.620 align:start position:0% which gives us an education dimension 00:14:57.620 --> 00:15:02.519 align:start position:0% which gives us an education dimension index<00:14:57.950> of<00:14:58.190> 9.5<00:14:59.030> 89 00:15:02.519 --> 00:15:02.529 align:start position:0% 00:15:02.529 --> 00:15:06.540 align:start position:0% now<00:15:03.129> we<00:15:03.189> calculate<00:15:03.910> the<00:15:04.769> income<00:15:05.769> dimension 00:15:06.540 --> 00:15:06.550 align:start position:0% now we calculate the income dimension 00:15:06.550 --> 00:15:10.920 align:start position:0% now we calculate the income dimension index<00:15:06.999> and<00:15:07.529> here<00:15:08.529> we<00:15:08.649> use<00:15:08.879> logs<00:15:09.879> of<00:15:10.329> the<00:15:10.540> income 00:15:10.920 --> 00:15:10.930 align:start position:0% index and here we use logs of the income 00:15:10.930 --> 00:15:13.049 align:start position:0% index and here we use logs of the income data 00:15:13.049 --> 00:15:13.059 align:start position:0% data 00:15:13.059 --> 00:15:17.699 align:start position:0% data so<00:15:13.809> the<00:15:13.959> income<00:15:14.559> index<00:15:15.159> gives<00:15:15.879> us<00:15:16.439> the<00:15:17.439> log<00:15:17.679> of 00:15:17.699 --> 00:15:17.709 align:start position:0% so the income index gives us the log of 00:15:17.709 --> 00:15:23.429 align:start position:0% so the income index gives us the log of 7<00:15:18.309> to<00:15:18.789> 63<00:15:20.789> that's<00:15:21.789> the<00:15:22.089> from<00:15:22.419> the<00:15:22.539> Chinese<00:15:23.079> data 00:15:23.429 --> 00:15:23.439 align:start position:0% 7 to 63 that's the from the Chinese data 00:15:23.439 --> 00:15:29.099 align:start position:0% 7 to 63 that's the from the Chinese data in<00:15:23.799> the<00:15:23.919> table<00:15:25.079> minus<00:15:26.079> the<00:15:26.259> log<00:15:26.529> of<00:15:26.909> 163<00:15:28.109> which 00:15:29.099 --> 00:15:29.109 align:start position:0% in the table minus the log of 163 which 00:15:29.109 --> 00:15:32.819 align:start position:0% in the table minus the log of 163 which is<00:15:29.319> the<00:15:29.529> observed<00:15:29.969> minimum<00:15:30.969> value<00:15:31.829> which 00:15:32.819 --> 00:15:32.829 align:start position:0% is the observed minimum value which 00:15:32.829 --> 00:15:36.249 align:start position:0% is the observed minimum value which happens<00:15:33.189> to<00:15:33.249> be<00:15:33.369> in<00:15:33.699> Zimbabwe 00:15:36.249 --> 00:15:36.259 align:start position:0% happens to be in Zimbabwe 00:15:36.259 --> 00:15:42.609 align:start position:0% happens to be in Zimbabwe over<00:15:37.160> the<00:15:37.279> log<00:15:37.519> of<00:15:37.759> 10<00:15:38.269> 8<00:15:38.829> to<00:15:39.829> 11<00:15:41.350> that's<00:15:42.350> the 00:15:42.609 --> 00:15:42.619 align:start position:0% over the log of 10 8 to 11 that's the 00:15:42.619 --> 00:15:45.939 align:start position:0% over the log of 10 8 to 11 that's the maximum<00:15:43.519> observed<00:15:44.179> value<00:15:44.809> for<00:15:45.379> the<00:15:45.439> United 00:15:45.939 --> 00:15:45.949 align:start position:0% maximum observed value for the United 00:15:45.949 --> 00:15:53.470 align:start position:0% maximum observed value for the United Arab<00:15:46.249> Emirates<00:15:47.649> minus<00:15:48.649> the<00:15:48.799> log<00:15:49.009> of<00:15:49.040> 163 00:15:53.470 --> 00:15:53.480 align:start position:0% 00:15:53.480 --> 00:15:55.840 align:start position:0% and<00:15:53.990> that<00:15:54.110> gives<00:15:54.350> us<00:15:54.560> a<00:15:54.680> value<00:15:54.829> of<00:15:55.070> naught 00:15:55.840 --> 00:15:55.850 align:start position:0% and that gives us a value of naught 00:15:55.850 --> 00:16:02.280 align:start position:0% and that gives us a value of naught point<00:15:56.380> 584<00:15:57.380> for<00:15:58.130> the<00:15:58.190> Chinese<00:15:58.699> income<00:15:59.690> index 00:16:02.280 --> 00:16:02.290 align:start position:0% 00:16:02.290 --> 00:16:05.110 align:start position:0% so<00:16:03.290> our<00:16:03.410> final<00:16:03.589> step<00:16:03.949> is<00:16:04.190> now<00:16:04.730> to<00:16:04.790> calculate 00:16:05.110 --> 00:16:05.120 align:start position:0% so our final step is now to calculate 00:16:05.120 --> 00:16:08.439 align:start position:0% so our final step is now to calculate the<00:16:05.449> Human<00:16:05.930> Development<00:16:06.050> Index<00:16:06.940> by<00:16:07.940> combining 00:16:08.439 --> 00:16:08.449 align:start position:0% the Human Development Index by combining 00:16:08.449 --> 00:16:12.910 align:start position:0% the Human Development Index by combining these<00:16:09.110> three<00:16:09.589> sub-indices<00:16:11.230> so<00:16:12.230> the<00:16:12.350> HDI<00:16:12.769> is 00:16:12.910 --> 00:16:12.920 align:start position:0% these three sub-indices so the HDI is 00:16:12.920 --> 00:16:15.990 align:start position:0% these three sub-indices so the HDI is given<00:16:13.550> in<00:16:13.730> the<00:16:14.149> following<00:16:14.269> way<00:16:14.690> we<00:16:14.930> multiply 00:16:15.990 --> 00:16:16.000 align:start position:0% given in the following way we multiply 00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:21.250 align:start position:0% given in the following way we multiply nor<00:16:17.000> point<00:16:17.269> 847<00:16:17.930> by<00:16:18.860> northpoint<00:16:19.430> 589<00:16:20.260> by 00:16:21.250 --> 00:16:21.260 align:start position:0% nor point 847 by northpoint 589 by 00:16:21.260 --> 00:16:25.240 align:start position:0% nor point 847 by northpoint 589 by northpoint<00:16:21.800> 584<00:16:22.610> and<00:16:23.440> then<00:16:24.440> take<00:16:24.680> the<00:16:24.829> cubed 00:16:25.240 --> 00:16:25.250 align:start position:0% northpoint 584 and then take the cubed 00:16:25.250 --> 00:16:28.060 align:start position:0% northpoint 584 and then take the cubed root of<00:16:25.790> their<00:16:25.970> product<00:16:26.389> and<00:16:26.570> it<00:16:27.560> gives<00:16:27.829> us 00:16:28.060 --> 00:16:28.070 align:start position:0% root of their product and it gives us 00:16:28.070 --> 00:16:32.840 align:start position:0% root of their product and it gives us not<00:16:28.940> point<00:16:29.800> 663 00:16:32.840 --> 00:16:32.850 align:start position:0% 00:16:32.850 --> 00:16:36.769 align:start position:0% so<00:16:33.630> this<00:16:33.839> HDI<00:16:34.589> value<00:16:35.190> for<00:16:35.370> China<00:16:35.639> puts<00:16:36.269> it<00:16:36.480> well 00:16:36.769 --> 00:16:36.779 align:start position:0% so this HDI value for China puts it well 00:16:36.779 --> 00:16:38.809 align:start position:0% so this HDI value for China puts it well below<00:16:37.139> the<00:16:37.350> Scandinavian<00:16:38.130> countries<00:16:38.160> in<00:16:38.730> the 00:16:38.809 --> 00:16:38.819 align:start position:0% below the Scandinavian countries in the 00:16:38.819 --> 00:16:42.050 align:start position:0% below the Scandinavian countries in the rankings<00:16:39.240> but<00:16:40.230> well<00:16:40.470> above<00:16:40.670> many<00:16:41.670> less 00:16:42.050 --> 00:16:42.060 align:start position:0% rankings but well above many less 00:16:42.060 --> 00:16:45.230 align:start position:0% rankings but well above many less developed<00:16:42.360> nations<00:16:43.670> even<00:16:44.670> if<00:16:44.730> you<00:16:44.850> think<00:16:44.880> that 00:16:45.230 --> 00:16:45.240 align:start position:0% developed nations even if you think that 00:16:45.240 --> 00:16:47.300 align:start position:0% developed nations even if you think that HDI<00:16:45.630> is<00:16:45.779> an<00:16:46.050> improvement<00:16:46.470> over<00:16:46.860> using 00:16:47.300 --> 00:16:47.310 align:start position:0% HDI is an improvement over using 00:16:47.310 --> 00:16:50.210 align:start position:0% HDI is an improvement over using national<00:16:48.089> income<00:16:48.449> statistics<00:16:48.949> this<00:16:49.949> is<00:16:50.130> a 00:16:50.210 --> 00:16:50.220 align:start position:0% national income statistics this is a 00:16:50.220 --> 00:16:53.090 align:start position:0% national income statistics this is a problem<00:16:50.459> and<00:16:50.819> the<00:16:50.850> problem<00:16:51.630> is<00:16:52.199> that<00:16:52.440> it's 00:16:53.090 --> 00:16:53.100 align:start position:0% problem and the problem is that it's 00:16:53.100 --> 00:16:56.660 align:start position:0% problem and the problem is that it's still<00:16:53.399> essentially<00:16:54.029> arbitrary<00:16:55.370> why<00:16:56.370> are<00:16:56.430> we 00:16:56.660 --> 00:16:56.670 align:start position:0% still essentially arbitrary why are we 00:16:56.670 --> 00:16:58.400 align:start position:0% still essentially arbitrary why are we choosing<00:16:56.940> this<00:16:57.300> particular<00:16:57.690> set<00:16:58.110> of<00:16:58.139> weights 00:16:58.400 --> 00:16:58.410 align:start position:0% choosing this particular set of weights 00:16:58.410 --> 00:17:01.309 align:start position:0% choosing this particular set of weights rather<00:16:58.829> than<00:16:59.069> another<00:16:59.870> there's<00:17:00.870> also<00:17:01.079> the 00:17:01.309 --> 00:17:01.319 align:start position:0% rather than another there's also the 00:17:01.319 --> 00:17:04.480 align:start position:0% rather than another there's also the problem<00:17:01.470> that<00:17:02.069> it's<00:17:02.220> still<00:17:02.519> a<00:17:02.699> mean<00:17:03.420> average 00:17:04.480 --> 00:17:04.490 align:start position:0% problem that it's still a mean average 00:17:04.490 --> 00:17:07.579 align:start position:0% problem that it's still a mean average within<00:17:05.490> a<00:17:05.579> society<00:17:05.959> there<00:17:06.959> can<00:17:07.079> be<00:17:07.110> huge 00:17:07.579 --> 00:17:07.589 align:start position:0% within a society there can be huge 00:17:07.589 --> 00:17:09.860 align:start position:0% within a society there can be huge variations<00:17:08.490> in<00:17:08.699> experience<00:17:09.390> of<00:17:09.600> health 00:17:09.860 --> 00:17:09.870 align:start position:0% variations in experience of health 00:17:09.870 --> 00:17:13.490 align:start position:0% variations in experience of health education<00:17:10.530> and<00:17:11.370> living<00:17:11.970> standards<00:17:12.480> in<00:17:13.319> much 00:17:13.490 --> 00:17:13.500 align:start position:0% education and living standards in much 00:17:13.500 --> 00:17:16.039 align:start position:0% education and living standards in much the<00:17:13.530> same<00:17:13.709> way<00:17:13.949> that<00:17:14.429> mean<00:17:15.120> average<00:17:15.480> wealth 00:17:16.039 --> 00:17:16.049 align:start position:0% the same way that mean average wealth 00:17:16.049 --> 00:17:19.549 align:start position:0% the same way that mean average wealth data<00:17:16.289> tends<00:17:17.189> to<00:17:17.400> hide<00:17:17.669> a<00:17:17.939> very<00:17:18.689> uneven 00:17:19.549 --> 00:17:19.559 align:start position:0% data tends to hide a very uneven 00:17:19.559 --> 00:17:23.380 align:start position:0% data tends to hide a very uneven distribution<00:17:19.770> of<00:17:20.459> wealth<00:17:21.409> do<00:17:22.409> you<00:17:22.500> see<00:17:22.799> the 00:17:23.380 --> 00:17:23.390 align:start position:0% distribution of wealth do you see the 00:17:23.390 --> 00:17:26.329 align:start position:0% distribution of wealth do you see the use<00:17:24.390> of<00:17:24.419> the<00:17:24.689> Human<00:17:25.020> Development<00:17:25.169> Index<00:17:25.709> as 00:17:26.329 --> 00:17:26.339 align:start position:0% use of the Human Development Index as 00:17:26.339 --> 00:17:29.600 align:start position:0% use of the Human Development Index as being<00:17:27.179> a<00:17:27.449> better<00:17:28.110> way<00:17:28.620> than<00:17:29.039> national<00:17:29.490> income 00:17:29.600 --> 00:17:29.610 align:start position:0% being a better way than national income 00:17:29.610 --> 00:17:32.299 align:start position:0% being a better way than national income accounts<00:17:30.299> of<00:17:30.450> trying<00:17:31.110> to<00:17:31.200> assess<00:17:31.530> the<00:17:31.890> level 00:17:32.299 --> 00:17:32.309 align:start position:0% accounts of trying to assess the level 00:17:32.309 --> 00:17:36.230 align:start position:0% accounts of trying to assess the level of<00:17:32.490> income<00:17:32.669> that<00:17:32.909> people<00:17:33.450> have<00:17:34.460> now<00:17:35.460> really<00:17:36.059> I 00:17:36.230 --> 00:17:36.240 align:start position:0% of income that people have now really I 00:17:36.240 --> 00:17:39.289 align:start position:0% of income that people have now really I mean<00:17:36.750> it's<00:17:37.650> it's<00:17:38.460> hard<00:17:38.730> as<00:17:38.880> in<00:17:39.030> the<00:17:39.120> right 00:17:39.289 --> 00:17:39.299 align:start position:0% mean it's it's hard as in the right 00:17:39.299 --> 00:17:41.210 align:start position:0% mean it's it's hard as in the right place<00:17:39.630> that<00:17:40.200> is<00:17:40.350> it's<00:17:40.530> trying<00:17:40.770> to<00:17:40.950> get<00:17:41.100> at 00:17:41.210 --> 00:17:41.220 align:start position:0% place that is it's trying to get at 00:17:41.220 --> 00:17:44.120 align:start position:0% place that is it's trying to get at things<00:17:41.460> like<00:17:41.580> health<00:17:42.030> and<00:17:42.830> education<00:17:43.830> any 00:17:44.120 --> 00:17:44.130 align:start position:0% things like health and education any 00:17:44.130 --> 00:17:47.899 align:start position:0% things like health and education any income<00:17:44.580> but<00:17:44.730> it<00:17:44.970> doesn't<00:17:45.360> have<00:17:45.510> a<00:17:46.789> method<00:17:47.789> or 00:17:47.899 --> 00:17:47.909 align:start position:0% income but it doesn't have a method or 00:17:47.909 --> 00:17:49.580 align:start position:0% income but it doesn't have a method or has<00:17:48.059> an<00:17:48.240> arbitrary<00:17:48.809> method<00:17:49.260> of<00:17:49.380> combining 00:17:49.580 --> 00:17:49.590 align:start position:0% has an arbitrary method of combining 00:17:49.590 --> 00:17:51.710 align:start position:0% has an arbitrary method of combining them<00:17:50.130> into<00:17:50.159> a<00:17:50.429> single<00:17:50.700> index<00:17:51.240> it<00:17:51.419> usually 00:17:51.710 --> 00:17:51.720 align:start position:0% them into a single index it usually 00:17:51.720 --> 00:17:53.690 align:start position:0% them into a single index it usually waits<00:17:51.929> them<00:17:52.140> equally<00:17:52.530> the<00:17:52.770> changes<00:17:53.220> equally 00:17:53.690 --> 00:17:53.700 align:start position:0% waits them equally the changes equally 00:17:53.700 --> 00:17:55.640 align:start position:0% waits them equally the changes equally and<00:17:53.820> then<00:17:53.970> adds<00:17:54.299> them<00:17:54.539> together<00:17:54.690> and<00:17:55.200> that 00:17:55.640 --> 00:17:55.650 align:start position:0% and then adds them together and that 00:17:55.650 --> 00:17:58.970 align:start position:0% and then adds them together and that doesn't<00:17:55.980> make<00:17:56.039> any<00:17:56.190> any<00:17:56.610> any<00:17:57.740> economic<00:17:58.740> sense 00:17:58.970 --> 00:17:58.980 align:start position:0% doesn't make any any any economic sense 00:17:58.980 --> 00:18:01.820 align:start position:0% doesn't make any any any economic sense doesn't<00:17:59.220> make<00:17:59.370> any<00:17:59.780> happiness<00:18:00.780> sense<00:18:01.230> you 00:18:01.820 --> 00:18:01.830 align:start position:0% doesn't make any happiness sense you 00:18:01.830 --> 00:18:03.649 align:start position:0% doesn't make any happiness sense you have<00:18:01.950> to<00:18:02.130> think<00:18:02.460> of<00:18:02.580> a<00:18:02.700> way<00:18:02.909> how<00:18:03.150> can<00:18:03.360> we<00:18:03.450> do 00:18:03.649 --> 00:18:03.659 align:start position:0% have to think of a way how can we do 00:18:03.659 --> 00:18:06.230 align:start position:0% have to think of a way how can we do that<00:18:03.690> in<00:18:04.140> a<00:18:04.260> way<00:18:04.289> that's<00:18:05.070> grounded<00:18:05.730> in<00:18:05.909> some 00:18:06.230 --> 00:18:06.240 align:start position:0% that in a way that's grounded in some 00:18:06.240 --> 00:18:08.990 align:start position:0% that in a way that's grounded in some kind<00:18:06.539> of<00:18:06.659> basic<00:18:07.409> analysis<00:18:08.070> economic<00:18:08.880> or 00:18:08.990 --> 00:18:09.000 align:start position:0% kind of basic analysis economic or 00:18:09.000 --> 00:18:10.460 align:start position:0% kind of basic analysis economic or statistical<00:18:09.570> analysis<00:18:09.990> and<00:18:10.080> there<00:18:10.169> are<00:18:10.289> ways 00:18:10.460 --> 00:18:10.470 align:start position:0% statistical analysis and there are ways 00:18:10.470 --> 00:18:12.620 align:start position:0% statistical analysis and there are ways to<00:18:10.500> do<00:18:10.860> it<00:18:11.010> what<00:18:11.760> I<00:18:11.789> don't<00:18:12.059> like<00:18:12.120> about<00:18:12.240> the 00:18:12.620 --> 00:18:12.630 align:start position:0% to do it what I don't like about the 00:18:12.630 --> 00:18:14.539 align:start position:0% to do it what I don't like about the human<00:18:13.140> development<00:18:13.620> in<00:18:13.799> diseases<00:18:14.159> they've 00:18:14.539 --> 00:18:14.549 align:start position:0% human development in diseases they've 00:18:14.549 --> 00:18:16.580 align:start position:0% human development in diseases they've been<00:18:14.760> developed<00:18:15.240> is<00:18:15.450> that<00:18:16.020> they<00:18:16.169> do<00:18:16.230> it<00:18:16.440> in 00:18:16.580 --> 00:18:16.590 align:start position:0% been developed is that they do it in 00:18:16.590 --> 00:18:18.440 align:start position:0% been developed is that they do it in arbitrary<00:18:17.039> way<00:18:17.340> it's<00:18:17.549> not<00:18:17.730> based<00:18:17.970> on<00:18:18.150> anything 00:18:18.440 --> 00:18:18.450 align:start position:0% arbitrary way it's not based on anything 00:18:18.450 --> 00:18:21.169 align:start position:0% arbitrary way it's not based on anything the<00:18:19.440> United<00:18:19.799> Nations<00:18:20.000> recognizes<00:18:21.000> the 00:18:21.169 --> 00:18:21.179 align:start position:0% the United Nations recognizes the 00:18:21.179 --> 00:18:23.360 align:start position:0% the United Nations recognizes the limitations<00:18:21.840> of<00:18:21.960> HDI<00:18:22.440> and<00:18:22.740> is<00:18:22.830> trying<00:18:23.100> to<00:18:23.250> do 00:18:23.360 --> 00:18:23.370 align:start position:0% limitations of HDI and is trying to do 00:18:23.370 --> 00:18:26.419 align:start position:0% limitations of HDI and is trying to do something<00:18:23.669> about<00:18:23.909> it<00:18:24.230> one<00:18:25.230> particular<00:18:25.650> recent 00:18:26.419 --> 00:18:26.429 align:start position:0% something about it one particular recent 00:18:26.429 --> 00:18:28.399 align:start position:0% something about it one particular recent change<00:18:26.760> has<00:18:27.270> been<00:18:27.510> with<00:18:27.690> regard<00:18:28.080> to<00:18:28.169> the 00:18:28.399 --> 00:18:28.409 align:start position:0% change has been with regard to the 00:18:28.409 --> 00:18:30.980 align:start position:0% change has been with regard to the distribution<00:18:29.100> of<00:18:29.159> income<00:18:29.630> so<00:18:30.630> they've<00:18:30.780> tended 00:18:30.980 --> 00:18:30.990 align:start position:0% distribution of income so they've tended 00:18:30.990 --> 00:18:34.430 align:start position:0% distribution of income so they've tended to<00:18:31.320> move<00:18:31.620> HDI<00:18:32.429> down<00:18:33.030> in<00:18:33.360> countries<00:18:34.200> where 00:18:34.430 --> 00:18:34.440 align:start position:0% to move HDI down in countries where 00:18:34.440 --> 00:18:37.580 align:start position:0% to move HDI down in countries where income<00:18:34.830> disparity<00:18:35.429> is<00:18:35.549> considerable<00:18:36.590> it's 00:18:37.580 --> 00:18:37.590 align:start position:0% income disparity is considerable it's 00:18:37.590 --> 00:18:39.409 align:start position:0% income disparity is considerable it's often<00:18:37.919> the<00:18:37.950> case<00:18:38.039> that<00:18:38.280> his<00:18:38.580> economies<00:18:39.150> grow 00:18:39.409 --> 00:18:39.419 align:start position:0% often the case that his economies grow 00:18:39.419 --> 00:18:41.720 align:start position:0% often the case that his economies grow from<00:18:39.720> low<00:18:39.929> levels<00:18:40.320> there's<00:18:40.860> a<00:18:40.980> widening 00:18:41.720 --> 00:18:41.730 align:start position:0% from low levels there's a widening 00:18:41.730 --> 00:18:44.480 align:start position:0% from low levels there's a widening income<00:18:41.970> disparity<00:18:43.070> this<00:18:44.070> happened<00:18:44.429> in 00:18:44.480 --> 00:18:44.490 align:start position:0% income disparity this happened in 00:18:44.490 --> 00:18:46.460 align:start position:0% income disparity this happened in Central<00:18:44.970> and<00:18:45.120> Eastern<00:18:45.419> Europe<00:18:45.809> after<00:18:46.020> the 00:18:46.460 --> 00:18:46.470 align:start position:0% Central and Eastern Europe after the 00:18:46.470 --> 00:18:49.100 align:start position:0% Central and Eastern Europe after the apps<00:18:46.590> of<00:18:46.770> communism<00:18:47.220> there<00:18:48.110> something 00:18:49.100 --> 00:18:49.110 align:start position:0% apps of communism there something 00:18:49.110 --> 00:18:52.600 align:start position:0% apps of communism there something similar<00:18:49.559> may<00:18:50.130> well<00:18:50.400> now<00:18:50.640> take<00:18:50.700> place<00:18:50.970> in<00:18:51.510> China 00:18:52.600 --> 00:18:52.610 align:start position:0% similar may well now take place in China 00:18:52.610 --> 00:18:55.820 align:start position:0% similar may well now take place in China we<00:18:53.610> started<00:18:54.030> by<00:18:54.210> saying<00:18:54.480> that<00:18:54.750> GDI<00:18:55.169> has<00:18:55.530> real 00:18:55.820 --> 00:18:55.830 align:start position:0% we started by saying that GDI has real 00:18:55.830 --> 00:18:58.450 align:start position:0% we started by saying that GDI has real problems<00:18:56.070> as<00:18:56.520> an<00:18:57.000> indicator<00:18:57.450> of<00:18:57.630> well-being 00:18:58.450 --> 00:18:58.460 align:start position:0% problems as an indicator of well-being 00:18:58.460 --> 00:19:03.980 align:start position:0% problems as an indicator of well-being but<00:18:59.460> so<00:18:59.730> does<00:18:59.970> HDI<00:19:02.030> unless<00:19:03.030> we<00:19:03.270> know<00:19:03.690> what 00:19:03.980 --> 00:19:03.990 align:start position:0% but so does HDI unless we know what 00:19:03.990 --> 00:19:06.200 align:start position:0% but so does HDI unless we know what we're<00:19:04.260> measuring<00:19:04.559> we<00:19:05.549> won't<00:19:05.789> know<00:19:05.970> what 00:19:06.200 --> 00:19:06.210 align:start position:0% we're measuring we won't know what 00:19:06.210 --> 00:19:09.020 align:start position:0% we're measuring we won't know what significance<00:19:06.620> to<00:19:07.620> attach<00:19:07.890> to<00:19:08.130> any<00:19:08.400> measure<00:19:08.880> of 00:19:09.020 --> 00:19:09.030 align:start position:0% significance to attach to any measure of 00:19:09.030 --> 00:19:11.630 align:start position:0% significance to attach to any measure of well-being<00:19:09.530> but<00:19:10.530> at<00:19:10.620> least<00:19:10.740> if<00:19:10.980> we<00:19:11.100> understand 00:19:11.630 --> 00:19:11.640 align:start position:0% well-being but at least if we understand 00:19:11.640 --> 00:19:14.149 align:start position:0% well-being but at least if we understand the<00:19:11.789> statistics<00:19:12.419> we<00:19:13.110> know<00:19:13.380> exactly<00:19:13.980> what 00:19:14.149 --> 00:19:14.159 align:start position:0% the statistics we know exactly what 00:19:14.159 --> 00:19:17.510 align:start position:0% the statistics we know exactly what those<00:19:14.309> limitations<00:19:14.880> are<00:19:15.799> you<00:19:16.799> might<00:19:16.950> like<00:19:17.190> now 00:19:17.510 --> 00:19:17.520 align:start position:0% those limitations are you might like now 00:19:17.520 --> 00:19:21.169 align:start position:0% those limitations are you might like now to<00:19:18.210> do<00:19:18.360> your<00:19:18.600> own<00:19:18.630> HDI<00:19:19.530> calculations<00:19:20.520> for<00:19:21.030> your 00:19:21.169 --> 00:19:21.179 align:start position:0% to do your own HDI calculations for your 00:19:21.179 --> 00:19:31.580 align:start position:0% to do your own HDI calculations for your own<00:19:21.299> particular<00:19:21.690> country 00:19:31.580 --> 00:19:31.590 align:start position:0% 00:19:31.590 --> 00:19:38.040 align:start position:0% you 00:19:38.040 --> 00:19:38.050 align:start position:0% 00:19:38.050 --> 00:19:40.110 align:start position:0% you